Screening for lung cancer

Abstract

Analysis 2.3. Comparison 2 Annual chest x-ray screening versus usual care (no regular screening), Outcome 3 Deaths from all causes

What do Cochrane systematic reviews say about the clinical effectiveness of screening and diagnostic tests for cancer?

“…[9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24][25] Among these, 7 reviews assessed a screening method only for the general population, 7 only for a specific subpopulation and 3 for both. The reviews assessed screening approaches for the following types of cancer: cancer in general (n = 2), bladder (n = 1), breast (n = 4), colorectal (n = 2), hepatic (n = 1), lung (n = 1), nasopharyngeal (n = 1), esophageal (n = 1), oral (n = 1), prostate (n = 1), testicular (n = 1) and uterine (n = 1).…”

“…Annual chest x-ray plus four-monthly sputum cytological tests versus annual chest x-ray alone 19 General population Chest x-ray plus sputum cytological tests do not reduce lung cancer mortality or all-cause mortality, and do not increase lung cancer 5-year survival.…”

MicroRNA Expression Profiling of Sputum for the Detection of Early and Locally Advanced Non-Small-Cell Lung Cancer: A Prospective Case–Control Study

“…Sputum is one such source that has been investigated to determine if it contains elements that reflect the presence or absence of malignancy. Cytology alone-or even in combination with chest radiography-is not recommended for screening purposes 4 . Aberrant over-or underexpression of mirna in lung cancer tissue has clearly been shown 15 .…”

“…The efficacy of chest radiography and sputum cytology for screening purposes has not been supported in the literature 4 . The U.S. National Lung Screening Trial demonstrated that a reduction in lung cancer mortality can be achieved through the use of low-dose computed tomography (ct) imaging in high-risk populations 5 .…”

Detección precoz de cáncer pulmonar con tomografía computarizada de tórax en pacientes con enfermedad pulmonar obstructiva crónica tabáquica

“…Los costos elevados del examen, los riesgos asociados a la radiación y el elevado porcentaje de nódulos pulmonares inespecíficos de etiología benigna detectados en las pruebas de tamizaje han determinado que la mayoría de los sistemas de salud no recomienden su uso extensivo y de rutina en las poblaciones de riesgo 15,34,35 . 15 .…”