Screening for human trafficking among homeless young adults

Chisolm‐Straker, Makini; Sze, Jeremy; Einbond, Julia; White, James; Stoklosa, Hanni

doi:10.1016/j.childyouth.2018.12.014

Cited by 52 publications

(34 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…Thus, children at risk of sexual exploitation (or those who are already involved) have a high chance of being on the child protection system’s radar, but a low chance of being identified as victims of sexual exploitation and getting the help that matches their needs [61]. Screening tools could be adopted such as the Commercial Sexual Exploitation-Identification Tool (CSE-IT) [62] or others [63,64]. The CSE-IT is a universal screening tool that has assessed U.S. youth aged 12 and above in the child welfare system by asking caseworkers to identify eight areas with indicators of the early risk signs for child sex trafficking or exploitation: housing and caregiving; prior abuse or trauma; physical health and appearance; environment and exposure; relationships and personal belongings; signs of current trauma; coercion; and exploitation.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sexual Exploitation as a Minor, Violence, and HIV/STI Risk among Women Trading Sex in St. Petersburg and Orenburg, Russia

Urada

Rusakova

Odinokova

et al. 2019

IJERPH

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Child sexual exploitation (CSE) is a major risk factor for acquiring human immunodeficiency virus/sexually transmitted infections (HIV/STI), violence and other health concerns, yet few studies have examined these associations in Russia until now. This study examines the prevalence of CSE (those entering the sex trade as a minor) among women in the sex trade in Russia and how exposures and behaviors related to violence and HIV/STI structural risks differ from those who entered the sex trade as an adult. Women in the sex trade (N = 896) in St. Petersburg and Orenburg, Russia were recruited via time-location sampling and completed structured surveys. Adjusted logistic regression analyses assessed associations between CSE victimization and HIV risk-related exposures. Of the 654 participants who provided their age at first sexual exploitation, 11% reported CSE prior to age 18. Those who reported CSE were more likely to be organized by others and to be prohibited from leaving a room or house and from using condoms; three-quarters experienced rape when trading sex; a third were involved in pornography before age 18 and they had less education if they entered the sex trade as a minor. In adjusted analyses, those entering the sex trade as a minor were significantly more likely than those entering the sex trade as an adult to report drug use prior to age 18 (AOR = 5.75, 95% CI = 2.53–13.09) to have ≥5 clients/day (past 12 months; AOR = 3.55, 95% CI = 1.56–8.08), to report receiving police assistance (AOR: 3.10, 95% CI = 1.26–7.54), and to have fewer experiences of police extortion (AOR = 0.35, 95% CI = 0.10–1.24). They were four times more likely to participate in pornography before the age of 18 (AOR = 4.08, 95% CI = 1.32, 12.60) and three times more likely to have been sexually abused as child (AOR = 2.93, 95% CI = 1.27, 7.54). Overall, entry as a minor was related to greater risk for victimization and an inability to protect oneself from STI/HIV.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sexual Exploitation as a Minor, Violence, and HIV/STI Risk among Women Trading Sex in St. Petersburg and Orenburg, Russia

Urada

Rusakova

Odinokova

et al. 2019

IJERPH

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…In this study, researchers found that 20% were involved in some form of human trafficking, including almost 17% in sex trafficking, almost 3% in labor trafficking, and 2.6% in both; women, transgender, bisexual, and Latinx respondents were overrepresented among trafficking victims. Finally, in an effort to develop and validate a new screening tool, a separate study of 307 Covenant House residents in New Jersey found that 9.5% had a trafficking experience, including 6.5% in sex trafficking, 4.5% in labor trafficking, and 1.6% of them in both (Chisolm-Straker et al 2019). In a separate study of minors collected over a 2.5-year period at three different sites, one of which exclusively worked with RHY, researchers found that 55% of 201 minors reported sex trafficking experiences and 5% both sex and labor.…”

Section: Prior Estimates Of the Prevalence Of Trafficking Among Rhymentioning

confidence: 99%

The Prevalence and Correlates of Labor and Sex Trafficking in a Community Sample of Youth Experiencing Homelessness in Metro-Atlanta

et al. 2021

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Research suggests that runaway and homeless youth (RHY) in the United States are vulnerable to sex and labor trafficking. In this paper, we report and analyze estimates of sex and labor trafficking collected as part of the Atlanta Youth Count 2018, a community-based field survey of RHY between the ages of 14 and 25 in the metro-Atlanta area. A total of 564 participants were recruited and completed a survey that included questions about their backgrounds as well as the Human Trafficking Screening Tool (HTST). We found that 39.9% experienced some form of trafficking while homeless. While 15.6% of the youth reported commercial sexual exploitation while homeless, coerced labor (29.3%) or fraud (25.2%) were even more common experiences. Women, transgender, and gender nonconforming youth, as well young people who had prior system involvement and those who had been homeless for more than a year were the most likely to report having been trafficked. The significance of these findings for research and policy on RHY and trafficking are discussed.

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“…Children who are engaged in prostitution are victims of trafficking even in the absence of coercion or fraud (Preble et al, 2019;Rollins et al, 2017). The United States federal law defines human trafficking as the recruitment, transportation, harboring, obtaining, or provision of an individual for labor or commercial sex act by fraud, force, or coercion (Chisolm-Straker et al, 2019;Testa, 2020).…”

Section: Definition Of Human Traffickingmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Trafficking victims often have minimal control over their lives (Byrne, 2019). The trafficker may prevent victims from leaving an unsafe work condition (Byrne, 2019;Chisolm-Straker et al, 2019). With no alternative options, the victims may stay in work situations that are dangerous (Byrne, 2019;Chisolm-Straker et al, 2019).…”

Section: The Nature Of Human Traffickingmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The trafficker may prevent victims from leaving an unsafe work condition (Byrne, 2019;Chisolm-Straker et al, 2019). With no alternative options, the victims may stay in work situations that are dangerous (Byrne, 2019;Chisolm-Straker et al, 2019). Also, the victims may be restricted from keeping their earned money and from speaking for themselves as patients (Byrne, 2019;Chisolm-Straker et al, 2019).…”

Section: The Nature Of Human Traffickingmentioning

confidence: 99%

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