Screening for HCV Infection in Jails

Spaulding, Anne C.; Thomas, David L.

doi:10.1001/jama.2012.374

Cited by 44 publications

(37 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…45 Very few re-entry studies have been examined in jail settings. 23,46 This study extends important findings about prison-based community re-entry programs to the context of jails, and is thus well-poised to make a significant contribution by demonstrating the importance of health intervention and adherence programs for PLWHA transitioning from jail to the community. Such programs that target PLWHA in jails could ultimately have a profound impact on HIV treatment and curtail transmission in the community.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 64%

Post-Release Substance Abuse Outcomes Among HIV-Infected Jail Detainees: Results from a Multisite Study

et al. 2012

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 64%

Post-Release Substance Abuse Outcomes Among HIV-Infected Jail Detainees: Results from a Multisite Study

et al. 2012

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“…In the United States, more than 500 000 incarcerated persons have chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection (1–3). Chronic HCV infection causes liver fibrosis, cirrhosis, hepatocellular carcinoma, and the need for liver transplant (4).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Sofosbuvir-Based Treatment Regimens for Chronic, Genotype 1 Hepatitis C Virus Infection in U.S. Incarcerated Populations

Liu¹,

et al. 2014

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Background Prevalence of chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection is high among incarcerated persons in the United States. New, short-duration, high-efficacy therapies may expand treatment eligibility in this population. Objective To assess the cost-effectiveness of sofosbuvir for HCV treatment in incarcerated populations. Design Markov model. Data Sources Published literature and expert opinion. Target Population Treatment-naive men with chronic, genotype 1 HCV monoinfection. Time Horizon Lifetime. Perspective Societal. Intervention No treatment, 2-drug therapy (pegylated interferon and ribavirin), or 3-drug therapy with either boceprevir or sofosbuvir. For inmates with short remaining sentences (<1.5 years), only no treatment or sofosbuvir 3-drug therapy were feasible; for those with long sentences (≥1.5 years; mean, 10 years), all strategies were considered. After release, eligible persons could receive sofosbuvir 3-drug therapy. Outcome Measures Discounted costs (in 2013 U.S. dollars), discounted quality-adjusted life-years (QALYs), and incremental cost-effectiveness ratios. Results of Base-Case Analysis The strategies yielded 13.12, 13.57, 14.43, and 15.18 QALYs, respectively, for persons with long sentences. Sofosbuvir produced the largest absolute reductions in decompensated cirrhosis (16%) and hepatocellular carcinoma (9%), resulting in 2.1 additional QALYs at an added cost exceeding $54 000 compared with no treatment. For persons with short sentences, sofosbuvir cost $25 700 per QALY gained compared with no treatment; for those with long sentences, it dominated other treatments, costing $28 800 per QALY gained compared with no treatment. Results of Sensitivity Analysis High reinfection rates in prison attenuated cost-effectiveness for persons with long sentences. Limitations Data on sofosbuvir’s long-term effectiveness and price are limited. The analysis did not consider women, Hispanic persons, or patients co-infected with HIV or hepatitis B virus. Conclusion Sofosbuvir-based treatment is cost-effective for incarcerated persons, but affordability is an important consideration. Primary Funding Source National Institutes of Health.

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“…As new and better medications for the treatment of HCV become available,13‐15 measures to increase detection rates and engagement in care are paramount. In the last decade, an expanding body of research has emerged, evaluating both traditional and nontraditional risk factors for HCV infection in an effort to increase the yield from costly yet potentially life‐saving screening efforts 7, 16‐19. Most recently, the US Department of Health and Human Services issued an action plan for the prevention, care, and treatment of viral hepatitis, setting goals to increase the proportion of persons who are aware of their HCV infection from 45% to 66%, and to reduce the number of new cases of HCV infection by 25% 20…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Association of tattooing and hepatitis C virus infection: A multicenter case-control study

et al. 2013

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Although injection drug use (IDU) and blood transfusions prior to 1992 are well-accepted risk factors for hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection, many studies that evaluated tattooing as a risk factor for HCV infection did not control for a history of IDU or transfusion prior to 1992. In this large, multicenter, case-control study, we analyzed demographic and HCV risk factor exposure history data from 3,871 patients, including 1,930 with chronic HCV infection (HCV RNA-positive) and 1,941 HCV-negative (HCV antibody-negative) controls. Crude and fully adjusted odds ratios (ORs) of tattoo exposure by multivariate logistic regression in HCV-infected versus controls were determined. As expected, IDU (65.9% versus 17.8%; P < 0.001), blood transfusion prior to 1992 (22.3% versus 11.1%; P < 0.001), and history of having one or more tattoos (OR, 3.81; 95% CI, 3.23-4.49; P < 0.001) were more common in HCV-infected patients than in control subjects. After excluding all patients with a history of ever injecting drugs and those who had a blood transfusion prior to 1992, a total of 1,886 subjects remained for analysis (465 HCV-positive patients and 1,421 controls). Among these individuals without traditional risk factors, HCV-positive patients remained significantly more likely to have a history of one or more tattoos after adjustment for age, sex, and race/ethnicity (OR, 5.17; 95% CI, 3.75-7.11; P < 0.001). Conclusion: Tattooing is associated with HCV infection, even among those without traditional HCV risk factors such as IDU and blood transfusion prior to 1992. (HEPATOLOGY 2013;57:2117-2123 As new and better medications for the treatment of HCV become available, [13][14][15] measures to increase detection rates and engagement in care are paramount. In the last decade, an expanding body of research has emerged, evaluating both traditional and nontraditional risk factors for HCV infection in an effort to increase the yield from costly yet potentially life-saving screening efforts. 7,[16][17][18][19] Most recently, the US Department of Health and Human Services issued an action plan for the prevention, care, and treatment of viral hepatitis, setting goals to increase the proportion of persons who are aware of their HCV infection from 45% to 66%, and to reduce the number of new cases of HCV infection by 25%. 20In contrast to the overwhelming evidence implicating IDU in HCV acquisition, the association between HCV transmission and other suspected risk factors such as tattooing is more controversial. Although some studies have demonstrated an association between tattoos and HCV infection, others have not.21 Prior studies that examined tattooing behavior and HCV

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Screening for HCV Infection in Jails

Cited by 44 publications

References 9 publications

Post-Release Substance Abuse Outcomes Among HIV-Infected Jail Detainees: Results from a Multisite Study

Post-Release Substance Abuse Outcomes Among HIV-Infected Jail Detainees: Results from a Multisite Study

Sofosbuvir-Based Treatment Regimens for Chronic, Genotype 1 Hepatitis C Virus Infection in U.S. Incarcerated Populations

Association of tattooing and hepatitis C virus infection: A multicenter case-control study

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