Screening for halo organics in new york state drinking water

Bush, Brian; Narang, Rajinder S.; Syrotynski, Samuel

doi:10.1007/bf01683713

Cited by 20 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 2 publications

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“…Chloroform (CHCl3) and bromodichloromethane (BDCM) are trihalomethanes that are commonly detected at low levels in public water supplies (1)(2)(3). CHCl3 induces hepatic and renal toxicity in mice and renal toxicity in male rats (4)(5)(6)(7)(8)(9).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of chloroform and bromodichloromethane on DNA synthesis in male F344 rat kidney.

Lipsky

Skinner

O’Connell

1993

Environ Health Perspect

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We have been investigating the actions of chloroform (CHC13) and bromodichloromethane (BDCM) in rat kidney after different routes of exposure. Male F344 rats were exposed by gavage with corn oil or water as the diluting vehicle. All experiments lasted 30 days with gavage exposures 5 days per week for 4 weeks (20 doses). All animals were injected IP with bromodeoxyuridine (BrdU) 3 times over a 6-day period at 50 mg/kg/injection. Kidney tissue was fixed and slides were stained with hematoxylin and eosin for routine viewing and by the PAP (peroxidaseantiperoxidase) technique using anti-BrdU to label cells in DNA synthesis. There were no significant changes in gross parameters evaluated between the control rats and the rats exposed to CHCl3 or BDCM. Rats exposed via corn oil gavage to CHC13 displayed a segment-specific epithelial cell necrosis (6/6 high dose, 2/6 low dose). The lesions were primarily localized to the second segment of the proximal tubule, although some spread to cells in the first segment was occasionally observed. No histologic lesions were observed in the kidneys of rats exposed to BDCM.Preliminary results indicate a significant increase in DNA synthesis in the CHCI3-treated rats and a slight increase in DNA synthesis in BDCM-treated rats with corn oil as the diluent. The increase in BrdU labeling was primarily in cells of the S2 segment of the proximal tubule and interstitial cells of CHC13-exposed animals and in cells of the S3 segment of BDCM-exposed animals. The rats exposed using water as the vehicle did not show significant pathology (except for one rat in the high-dose CHC13 group, which had mild necrosis of proximal tubule epithelium). There were no changes in DNA synthesis in the CHCL3-treated rat kidneys when water was used as the vehicle. There was a slight increase in total DNA synthesis in the BDCM-treated rat kidneys, and the increase was mainly in the third segment of the proximal tubule. These data indicate differences in histopathologic alterations and levels of DNA synthesis that appear to depend on the vehicle that the chemicals were dissolved in and/or the route of administration. CHC13-induced pathologic alterations were more severe in the animals exposed by corn oil gavage. BDCM, an established renal carcinogen in rats, failed to induce any histopathologic alterations under the different experimental conditions of this study.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of chloroform and bromodichloromethane on DNA synthesis in male F344 rat kidney.

Lipsky

Skinner

O’Connell

1993

Environ Health Perspect

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“…Tap water allowed to stand in CPVC pipe showed small increases in both CHCl3 and CC14 levels in some instances. The magnitude of the positive values are in the low or fractional pgll ranges and are far lower than levels commonly found in chlorinated tap water (11)(12)(13)(14)(15)(16)(17). Attempts to study this behavior as a function of time again demonstrated that it was sporadic and not representative of a long-term trend.…”

Section: Experimental Details and Resultsmentioning

confidence: 84%

The diffusion of chloroform and carbon tetrachloride from rigid PVC pipe and rigid CPVC pipe into water

Desrosiers

Dunnigan²

1983

J. Vinyl Addit. Technol.

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The objective of this study was to determine whether or not chloroform (CHC13) and carbon tetrachloride (CCl,) diffuse from poly(viny1 chloride) (PVC) or chlorinated poly(viny1 chloride) (CPVC) pipe into water in the absenceof solvent cement. Milli Q water (water which has been deionized, demineralized, and purified of residual organic matter) and tap water were permitted to stand in specimens of recently extruded pipe for 14 days in an attempt to simulate a condition of prolonged stagnation. The CHC13 and CCll in the water were then measured utilizing an analytical method sensitive to 0.01 pgll (ppb).CHCl3 and CCl4 do not diffuse from Geon PVC or TempRite CPVC pipe or fitting compounds in significant quantities under these t a t conditions. Where sporadic positive responses were noted, these were in the low or fractional pg/l (ppb) ranges and are far lower than levels commonly found in chlorinated tap water. The low, sporadic values obtained for CHC13 and CCl, in both Milli Q and tap water do not permit the calculation of meaningful diffusion constants.

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“…Chloroform concentrations in the test systems were measured using the headspace sampling method (Bush et al 1977). Gases in the headspace of 125 ml glass bottle containing 5g NaCl, -200 mg Na2S03, and a 15 ml water sample were analyzed by GC for haloform.…”

Section: Direct Haloform Analyses Of Chlorinated Freshwatermentioning

confidence: 99%

Chronic Effects of Chlorination By-Products on Rainbow Trout, Salmo gairdneri

Author¹

1980

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Rainbow trout were exposed to by-products of low-level water chlorination for several months in two separate experiments. In each test 2400 juvenile rainbow trout (Salmo gairdneri) were reared under chlorination conditions designed to simulate those of a power plant. Objectives were to determine effects of long term exposure to provide samples for tissue analysis of chlorination byroducts. No significant difference in fish condition factors was found between the test groups and controls, neither was there an apparent effect on mortality.Background levels of chloroform were found in all fish, but there was no evidence of an increased amount of chloroform or other chlorination by-products resulting from chronic low level exposure to chlorination by-products.

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Screening for halo organics in new york state drinking water

Cited by 20 publications

References 2 publications

Effects of chloroform and bromodichloromethane on DNA synthesis in male F344 rat kidney.

Effects of chloroform and bromodichloromethane on DNA synthesis in male F344 rat kidney.

The diffusion of chloroform and carbon tetrachloride from rigid PVC pipe and rigid CPVC pipe into water

Chronic Effects of Chlorination By-Products on Rainbow Trout, Salmo gairdneri

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