Screening for autoimmune diseases in type 1 diabetes: Low incidence of adrenal insufficiency

Babiker, Amir; Issa, Shariefa D.A.; Hamza, Sarar M.; Otaibi, Hessah M.N. Al; Jurayyan, Nasir Am Al

doi:10.1016/j.jtumed.2014.03.003

Cited by 3 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…Other clinical manifestations such as Autoimmune thyroid diseases, Chronic atrophic gastritis, pernicious anemia, Ectodermal dystrophy, Spleen aplasia or hypoplasia, vasculitis, Pulmonary disease, Autoimmune hepatitis, Intestinal dysfunction and malabsorption, Vitiligo, and Keratoconjunctivitis [1] [3] Another severe phenotype showed in Sardinian APECED patients with autoimmune hepatitis occurred in 27% of cases with a higher incidence in females (5:1) [9]. Type 1 diabetes is uncommon in APS-1 rather than APS-2, Babiker et al published an article about Screening for autoimmune diseases in type 1 diabetes, it was a retrospective study of 308 children who diagnosed with type 1 diabetes, only one of them presented with other manifestations of APS-1, hypoparathyroidism and chronic candidiasis, with a positive AIRE gene mutation [11]. While in the same center another study was conducted, they study the patient with APS-1 and they found that type 1 diabetes mellitus has been described in 40%, which indicates that type 1 diabetes is common compared to other reports [6].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Unusual Presentation of Precocious Puberty and Alopecia Universalis in Saudi Patients with Autoimmune Polyglandular Syndrome Type 1(APS1) without Any Other Manifestation of the Disease: Case Report and a Brief Review of the Literature

Jabri¹,

Essa²,

Shaib³

2020

CRCM

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Autoimmune polyglandular syndrome type 1 (APS-1) is one of the rare inherited disorder that affects both sexes alike. Although in specific autoimmune dysfunction associated with this syndrome found to be more common in females than males. It has specific criteria usually presented at a specific age. The object of this clinical case report is to highlight this unusual presentation of such condition which is the presence of APS-1 with precocious puberty and alopecia Universalis without any associated symptoms of APS-1 and the gene variations that never had been found before. And up to our knowledge, this is the 1st case in our population and worldwide that has such combination and this is unusual clinical presentation.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Unusual Presentation of Precocious Puberty and Alopecia Universalis in Saudi Patients with Autoimmune Polyglandular Syndrome Type 1(APS1) without Any Other Manifestation of the Disease: Case Report and a Brief Review of the Literature

Jabri¹,

Essa²,

Shaib³

2020

CRCM

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“…Furthermore, studies done in King Khalid University Hospital (KKUH) in Riyadh in a cohort of 305 children and adolescents reviewed the occurrence of associated autoimmune diseases over 15 years. It was found that thyroid functions were abnormal in 21.3% of the patients (8.5% had evidence of overt hypothyroidism), 8.5% of the patients were confirmed to have CD via intestinal biopsy results, and only one patient was found to have adrenal insufficiency (AI) as a part of autoimmune polyendocrine syndrome type 1 (APS-1) [ 13 , 14 ]. One recent study was conducted at Al-Baha Diabetic Center with the aim of estimating the prevalence of asymptomatic CD among T1DM; the study established that of the 268 T1DM patients screened, the estimated serology-positive prevalence was 7.1% [ 15 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Prevalence of Associated Autoimmune Diseases Among Adults With Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus: A Cross-Sectional Study

Alibrahim¹,

Al-Saleh²,

Basahih³

et al. 2022

Cureus

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BackgroundThe relationship between type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) and other autoimmune diseases has been known; however, the actual prevalence in the adult population nor clinical symptoms has not been determined locally. ObjectivesWe aim to determine the prevalence of associated autoimmune diseases (Hashimoto's thyroiditis, celiac disease (CD), and adrenal insufficiency (AI)) and evaluate the most reporting symptoms and glycemic control assessment, as well as microvascular complications and hypoglycemia episodes. MethodsA cross-sectional study of 251 patients with T1DM at the diabetic clinic of King Abdulaziz Medical City in Riyadh (KAMC-RD), Saudi Arabia, was conducted. Autoimmune serologies including thyroid peroxidase (TPO) antibody and tissue transglutaminase IgA (tTG-IgA) antibody were checked with hormonal studies such as thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH), morning serum cortisol, and short Synacthen test (SST) with duodenal biopsy results all were reviewed if present. Patients were directly interviewed to evaluate for the most common symptoms (including hypoglycemia episodes) for the preceding two weeks. Glycemic control was assessed by measuring glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c). Microvascular complications (i.e., nephropathy and retinopathy) were estimated by looking at the urine albumin/creatinine ratio (ACR) besides the ophthalmology's visit notes.

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“…Approximately 8.5% of the patients had overt hypothyroidism, 8.5% had CD confirmed by intestinal biopsy results, and only one patient had AI as a component of autoimmune polyendocrine syndrome type 1. 13,14 Thyroid functions were found to be abnormal in 21.3% of the patients (8.5% had evidence of overt hypothyroidism). To assess the frequency of asymptomatic CD among T1DM patients, a recent study was carried out in Al-Baha Diabetic Center, Al Bahah Region, Southwestern Saudi Arabia.…”

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confidence: 99%

Autoimmune diseases and their prevalence in Saudi Arabian patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus

Mohammedsaeed

Alghamdi

2023

SMJ

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Objectives: To evaluate the prevalence of autoimmune disorders among young and adult populations diagnosed with type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) in Al-Madinah Al-Munawarah, Saudi Arabia, and assess the potential impact of these conditions on other comorbidities. Methods:A retrospective, descriptive study examined autoimmune disorders in T1DM youth and adults. A total of 2258 verified T1DMs were tested. Analyzed hospital and laboratory data. Autoimmune T1DM was investigated clinically and laboratory. Original ArticleResults: A total of 2258 T1DM adults, adolescents, and children were investigated; 500 (22.2%) were under 12, 540 (23.9%) were 13-17, and 1218 (53.9%) were 18 plus. Autoimmune with T1DM was 67.4%. Gender and age affect prevalence. 25.7% of adult females had autoimmune thyroiditis. Children and adolescents have greater rates of celiac disease than adults of both genders. Adrenal insufficiency was more frequent in adults. Adult males had 28.5% polyglandular autoimmune diseases, and women had 19.7%. Type 1 DM and other autoimmune illnesses increase the risk of nephropathy, CVD, and hypoglycemia. Bloodstream biomarkers linked to these disorders corroborate this. Conclusion:Autoimmune diseases in Saudi patients with T1DM exhibited specificity with respect to gender and age. Al-Madinah Al-Munawwarah have a heightened prevalence of autoimmune diseases among young individuals diagnosed with T1DM, such as celiac disease and autoimmune thyroiditis. Conversely, older individuals in the region have been observed to exhibit a greater incidence of adrenal failure and polyglandular autoimmune disorders. Autoimmune diseases that result in nephropathy, CVD, and hypoglycemia are highly prevalent based on biomarker levels.

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Screening for autoimmune diseases in type 1 diabetes: Low incidence of adrenal insufficiency

Cited by 3 publications

References 16 publications

Unusual Presentation of Precocious Puberty and Alopecia Universalis in Saudi Patients with Autoimmune Polyglandular Syndrome Type 1(APS1) without Any Other Manifestation of the Disease: Case Report and a Brief Review of the Literature

Unusual Presentation of Precocious Puberty and Alopecia Universalis in Saudi Patients with Autoimmune Polyglandular Syndrome Type 1(APS1) without Any Other Manifestation of the Disease: Case Report and a Brief Review of the Literature

The Prevalence of Associated Autoimmune Diseases Among Adults With Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus: A Cross-Sectional Study

Autoimmune diseases and their prevalence in Saudi Arabian patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus

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