Screening for Autism with the SRS and SCQ: Variations across Demographic, Developmental and Behavioral Factors in Preschool Children

Moody, Eric J.; Reyes, Nuri; Ledbetter, Caroline; Wiggins, Lisa D.; DiGuiseppi, Carolyn; Alexander, Amira; Jackson, Shardel; Lee, Li Ching; Levy, Susan E.; Rosenberg, Steven A.

doi:10.1007/s10803-017-3255-5

Cited by 83 publications

(65 citation statements)

References 50 publications

(72 reference statements)

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“…Control children did not participate in ADOS or cognitive assessments due to limited availability. However, parents of all control children completed the Social Responsiveness Scale (SRS) [Rutter, LeCouteur, & Lord, 2015] to ensure that SRS scores were below clinical concern cut-offs (i.e., maximum of 75) [Moody et al, 2017]. Control children had a mean SRS score of 35.7 AE 14.5 (range 5-67).…”

Section: Participantsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Children with autism observe social interactions in an idiosyncratic manner

et al. 2019

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Previous eye‐tracking studies have reported that children with autism spectrum disorders (ASD) fixate less on faces in comparison to controls. To properly understand social interactions, however, children must gaze not only at faces but also at actions, gestures, body movements, contextual details, and objects, thereby creating specific gaze patterns when observing specific social interactions. We presented three different movies with social interactions to 111 children (71 with ASD) who watched each of the movies twice. Typically developing children viewed the movies in a remarkably predictable and reproducible manner, exhibiting gaze patterns that were similar to the mean gaze pattern of other controls, with strong correlations across individuals (intersubject correlations) and across movie presentations (intra‐subject correlations). In contrast, children with ASD exhibited significantly more variable/idiosyncratic gaze patterns that differed from the mean gaze pattern of controls and were weakly correlated across individuals and presentations. Most importantly, quantification of gaze idiosyncrasy in individual children enabled separation of ASD and control children with higher sensitivity and specificity than traditional measures such as time gazing at faces. Individual magnitudes of gaze idiosyncrasy were also significantly correlated with ASD severity and cognitive scores and were significantly correlated across movies and movie presentations, demonstrating clinical sensitivity and reliability. These results suggest that gaze idiosyncrasy is a potent behavioral abnormality that characterizes a considerable number of children with ASD and may contribute to their impaired development. Quantification of gaze idiosyncrasy in individual children may aid in assessing symptom severity and their change in response to treatments. Autism Res 2020, 13: 935‐946. © 2019 International Society for Autism Research, Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Lay Summary Typically, developing children watch movies of social interactions in a reliable and predictable manner, attending faces, gestures, actions, body movements, and objects that are relevant to the social interaction and its narrative. Here, we demonstrate that children with ASD watch such movies with significantly more variable/idiosyncratic gaze patterns that differ across individuals and across movie presentations. We demonstrate that quantifying this gaze variability may aid in identifying children with ASD and in determining the severity of their symptoms.

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Section: Participantsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Children with autism observe social interactions in an idiosyncratic manner

et al. 2019

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“…Children with ASD had a mean ADOS score of 15.4 ±6.2 (range 5-27) and a mean cognitive score of 81.4 ±16 (range 50-117). Parents of all control children completed the Social Responsiveness Scale (SRS) (Rutter, LeCouteur, & Lord, 2015) to ensure that SRS scores were below clinical concern cut-offs (i.e., maximum of 75) (Moody et al, 2017). Control children had a mean SRS score of 35.7 ±14.5 (range 5-67).…”

Section: Participantsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Children with autism observe social interactions in an idiosyncratic manner

Avni

Meiri

Bar-Sinai

et al. 2019

Preprint

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Previous eye tracking studies have reported that children with autism spectrum disorders (ASD) fixate less on faces in comparison to controls. To properly understand social interactions, however, children must gaze not only at faces, but also at actions, gestures, body movements, contextual details, and objects, thereby creating specific gaze patterns when observing specific interactions. We presented three different movies of social interactions to 111 children (71 with ASD) who watched each of the movies twice. Typically developing children viewed the movies in a remarkably predictable and reproducible manner, exhibiting gaze patterns that were similar to the mean gaze pattern of other controls, with strong correlations across individuals (inter-subject correlations) and across movie presentations (intra-subject correlations). In contrast, children with ASD exhibited significantly more variable/idiosyncratic gaze patterns that differed from the mean gaze pattern of controls and were weakly correlated across individuals and presentations. Most importantly, quantification of gaze idiosyncrasy in individual children, enabled separation of ASD and control children with higher sensitivity and specificity than traditional measures such as time gazing at faces.Individual magnitudes of gaze idiosyncrasy were also significantly correlated with ASD severity and significantly correlated across movies and movie presentations, demonstrating their clinical sensitivity and reliability. These results suggest that gaze idiosyncrasy is a potent behavioral abnormality that characterizes many children with ASD and may contribute to their impaired social development. Quantification of gaze idiosyncrasy in individual children may aid in assessing their ASD severity over time and in response to treatments. Lay SummaryTypically developing children watch movies of social interactions in a reliable and predictable manner, attending faces, gestures, body movements, and objects that are relevant to the social interaction and its narrative. Here, we demonstrate that children with ASD watch such movies with significantly more variable/idiosyncratic gaze patterns that differ across individuals and across movie presentations. We demonstrate that quantifying this variability is a very potent way of identifying children with ASD and determining the severity of their social ASD symptoms.

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“…The Modified Checklist for Autism in Toddlers, Revised (M-CHAT-R) 7 is a parent-completed questionnaire for autism that is intended to be administered during developmental screenings for children between the ages of 16 and 30 months and is commonly used as an autism screening instrument. The Social Responsiveness Scale -Second Edition (SRS) is another standard ASD screener that is based upon a questionnaire filled out by an examiner [18][19][20] . The SRS has a preschool form intended for children of ages 30 months to 54 months, and a school age form intended for children of ages 48 months through 18 years of age.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Multi-modular AI Approach to Streamline Autism Diagnosis in Young Children

Abbas

Garberson

Liu-Mayo

et al. 2020

Sci Rep

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Autism has become a pressing healthcare challenge. the instruments used to aid diagnosis are time and labor expensive and require trained clinicians to administer, leading to long wait times for at-risk children. We present a multi-modular, machine learning-based assessment of autism comprising three complementary modules for a unified outcome of diagnostic-grade reliability: A 4-minute, parentreport questionnaire delivered via a mobile app, a list of key behaviors identified from 2-minute, semistructured home videos of children, and a 2-minute questionnaire presented to the clinician at the time of clinical assessment. We demonstrate the assessment reliability in a blinded, multi-site clinical study on children 18-72 months of age (n = 375) in the United States. It outperforms baseline screeners administered to children by 0.35 (90% CI: 0.26 to 0.43) in AUC and 0.69 (90% CI: 0.58 to 0.81) in specificity when operating at 90% sensitivity. Compared to the baseline screeners evaluated on children less than 48 months of age, our assessment outperforms the most accurate by 0.18 (90% CI: 0.08 to 0.29 at 90%) in AUC and 0.30 (90% CI: 0.11 to 0.50) in specificity when operating at 90% sensitivity.

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Screening for Autism with the SRS and SCQ: Variations across Demographic, Developmental and Behavioral Factors in Preschool Children

Cited by 83 publications

References 50 publications

Children with autism observe social interactions in an idiosyncratic manner

Children with autism observe social interactions in an idiosyncratic manner

Children with autism observe social interactions in an idiosyncratic manner

Multi-modular AI Approach to Streamline Autism Diagnosis in Young Children

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