Screening for Antibacterial Activity of French Mushrooms against Pathogenic and Multidrug Resistant Bacteria

Abstract

In the alarming context of antibiotic resistance, we explored the antibacterial potential of French mushrooms against wild-type and multidrug-resistant (MDR) bacteria. In order to accelerate the discovery of promising compounds, screenings were carried out by TLC-direct bioautography. A total of 70 extracts from 31 mushroom species were evaluated against five wild-type bacteria: Staphylococcus epidermidis, Staphylococcus aureus, Enterococcus faecalis, Escherichia coli, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. This first screening revealed that 95% of the extracts contained antibacterial compounds. Generally, it was observed that EtOAc extracts exhibited more active compounds than methanolic extracts. In addition, all extracts were overall more active against Gram-positive bacteria than against Gram-negative strains. The most promising mushroom extracts were then screened against various multidrug-resistant strains of S. aureus and E. coli. Activity was globally less on MDR strains; however, two mushroom species, Fomitopsis pinicola and Scleroderma citrinum, still contained several compounds inhibiting the growth of these MDR pathogenic bacteria. Stearic acid was identified as a ubiquitous compound contributing to the antibacterial defence of mushrooms. This screening revealed the potential of macromycetes as a source of antibacterial compounds; further assays are necessary to consider fungal compounds as promising drugs to counter antibiotic resistance.

Artificial Neural Network Prediction of Antiadhesion and Antibiofilm-Forming Effects of Antimicrobial Active Mushroom Extracts on Food-Borne Pathogens

“…Extracts were more effective against Gram-positive bacteria in which case microbicidal activity was reported, while in the case of Gram-negative species, extracts were bacteriostatic. The same was observed in this and several other studies [ 34 , 35 , 36 ]. Phenolic compounds and flavonoids have been marked as the molecules responsible for mushrooms’ antimicrobial activity [ 37 ].…”

“…Phenolic compounds and flavonoids have been marked as the molecules responsible for mushrooms’ antimicrobial activity [ 37 ]. It has been reported that Fomitopsis pinicola possesses several compounds that strongly affect multidrug-resistant bacteria [ 36 ]. The same species tested here acted as an inhibitor of bacterial growth, and the alkali extract was more effective (MIC for both tested bacteria was 10 mg/mL).…”

Boletus griseipurpureus Corner: Antibacterial, Antioxidant Properties and Phytochemical Compositions

“…19 In contrast, the efficacy of French mushroom extracts was found to be more pronounced against grampositive bacteria as opposed to their gram-negative counterparts. 20 In a similar fashion, mushroom extracts that were accessible in Malaysia exhibited efficacy against a range of bacteria, such as S. aureus, B. cereus, S. typhimurium, and E. coli, as determined by minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC values) varying from 500 mg/mL to 1000 mg/ mL. 21 Multidrug-resistant ESKAPE pathogens that were isolated from clinical wound infections exhibited comparable efficacy when treated with methanolic and aqueous extracts of Neoboletus luridiformis and Boletus edulis.…”

Development of an Enzyme-Based Thin-Layer Chromatographic Assay for the Detection of Cyclooxygenase-2 Inhibitors

“…Pure compounds were applied with appropriate volumes with a 100 µL syringe (Hamilton, Bonaduz, Switzerland) onto TLC plates as bands of 2 mm in length, with a CAMAG Linomat 5 (Muttenz, Switzerland) under a stream of nitrogen. Ethyl acetate extracts of clove (Syzygium aromaticum), Fomitopsis pinicola and Hypholoma fasciculare [5] were deposited (50 µg) in the same conditions as bands of 8 mm in length and then eluted with the solvent system methyl tert-butyl ether/tetrahydrofurane/cyclohexane (5:1:4 v/v/v) previously developed [5].…”