Screening, characterization and optimization for synergistic interaction of potential dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane degrading fungi isolated from agro-industrial effluent and farm soil

The role and mechanisms of microbes in dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (DDT) and its residues bioremediation

“…It can take advantage of both different species of fungi. In some cases, the combined application of fungi and certain minerals has also proven more efficient for pesticide removal than the application of fungi or minerals alone [ 70 , 71 ].…”

“…Microbial degradation of DDT has been documented in different literatures. The majority of reports show that, in reducing conditions, DDT is reductively dechlorinated to DDD [ 29 , 71 , 105 ]. It has been shown that fungi and bacteria are capable of metabolizing DDT in this way, and the biodegradation pathways utilizing this method have been established.…”

“…It has been shown that fungi and bacteria are capable of metabolizing DDT in this way, and the biodegradation pathways utilizing this method have been established. The strains of bacteria and fungi that degrade DDT have been identified as an alternate pathway for microbial attack in aerobic environments [ 18 , 29 , 53 , 71 , 106 ].…”

“…The strains should have a high potential for DDT degradation, and the selected strain could colonize the DDT-contaminated area within a short period of time [136] . The development of strains has a higher capacity to survive under high DDT concentrations [ 71 , 75 , 137 ]. Furthermore, the strain can efficiently survive under a wide range of harsh and suitable environmental conditions [75] .…”

“…DDT pesticides can directly affect organisms as well as microbial remediation procedures [26] . Some microbes can thrive in DDT-contaminated areas, despite the potential toxicity, due to resistance or tolerance mechanisms [ 71 , 155 , 164 ]. However, it has still variable degrees of effect on its biomass, physiological morphology, growth, microbial activity, and mycelia colonization [ 71 , 155 ].…”