Screening and Prevention of Cervical Cancer in the World

Manuel, Vargas-Hernandez Victor

doi:10.17352/jgro.000045

Cited by 4 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 35 publications

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“…Compared to other regions in the world, Africa has higher cervical cancer incidence and mortality rates [ 1 , 3 , 5 ]. Cervical cancer screening can reduce the incidence of the disease by 70–80% if targeted appropriately [ 6 , 7 ]. However, in many parts of Africa, the disease is often not identified until it reaches advanced stages that are associated with poor outcomes [ 8 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Barriers to cervical cancer screening in Africa: a systematic review

Mantula,

Toefy,

Sewram

2024

BMC Public Health

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Introduction Africa has one of the highest burdens of cervical cancer in the world. The unacceptably high incidence and mortality rates could be reduced through implementing a comprehensive approach to its prevention and control that includes screening, which however, is low in most low-and-middle-income countries. Hence, this systematic review aims at exploring factors that prevent women from utilising cervical cancer screening services in the region. Methods A mixed method systematic review was conducted. A search was performed on PubMed (Medline), EMBASE, CINAHL (EBSCOHOST) and Scopus databases for articles published until May 2019 without time, language or study design limits. Two reviewers critically appraised the included studies independently using the standard quality assessment criteria for evaluating primary research papers. Results of the quantitative and mixed methods studies were transformed into qualitative data and synthesised using thematic analysis. Results From a potential 2 365 studies, 24 from 11 countries met the eligibility criteria and were selected; eight qualitative, 13 quantitative, and three that used the mixed-method approach. The primary barriers were identified as poor access to screening services, lack of awareness and knowledge on cervical cancer and screening, and socio-cultural influences. Service providers perceived lack of skills, screening equipment and supplies, and staff shortages as the major barriers to the provision of screening services. Conclusion Barriers to cervical cancer screening in Africa are multifaceted and require a holistic approach that will address them concurrently at the health system, individual, interpersonal, community and structural levels. Political will complimented by stakeholder involvement is required in the development and implementation of strategies that will ensure acceptability, availability, accessibility, and affordability of screening to minimise barriers in accessing the service.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Barriers to cervical cancer screening in Africa: a systematic review

Mantula,

Toefy,

Sewram

2024

BMC Public Health

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Determinants of Acquisition, Persistence, and Clearance of Oncogenic Cervical Human Papillomavirus Infection in the Philippines Using a Multi-Omics Approach: DEFEAT HPV Study Protocol

et al. 2023

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HPV infection is one of the most studied risk factors in cervical cancer—the second most common cancer site and cause of death due to cancer in the Philippines. However, there is a lack of population-based epidemiological data on cervical HPV infection in the Philippines. Local reports on co-infections with other lower genital tract pathogens, commonly reported globally, are also lacking, which emphasizes the need to increase efforts in targeting HPV prevalence, genotype, and distribution. Hence, we aim to determine the molecular epidemiology and natural history of HPV infection among reproductive-age Filipino women using a community-based prospective cohort design. Women from rural and urban centers will be screened until the target sample size of 110 HPV-positive women (55 from rural sites and 55 from urban sites) is reached. Cervical and vaginal swabs will be collected from all screened participants. For HPV-positive patients, HPV genotypes will be determined. One hundred ten healthy controls will be selected from previously screened volunteers. The cases and controls will comprise the multi-omics subset of participants and will be followed up after 6 and 12 months for repeat HPV screening. Metagenomic and metabolomic analyses of the vaginal swabs will also be performed at baseline, after 6 months, and after 12 months. The results of this study will update the prevalence and genotypic distribution of cervical HPV infection among Filipino women, determine whether the current vaccines used for HPV vaccination programs capture the most prevalent high-risk HPV genotypes in the country, and identify vaginal community state types and bacterial taxa associated with the natural history of cervical HPV infection. The results of this study will be used as the basis for developing a biomarker that can help predict the risk of developing persistent cervical HPV infection in Filipino women.

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The role of nurses in the prevention of cervical cancer: Cervical screening, an unkept promise by the majority of women in Nigeria

Adigun,

Esan,

Adeyanju

et al. 2023

Journal of Integrative Nursing

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Cervical cancer remains a major public health problem accounting for continuous female death in developing countries. Cervical cancer is the second most common cancer in women globally with an estimated number of 500,000 new cases of cervical cancer and 273,000 mortalities annually. Cervical screening is the best cancer screening test in the history of medicine and most cost-effective of all medical screening tests. The study review aimed to highlight methods of cervical cancer prevention, identify the uptake of cervical screening among women, and explain the role of nurses in uptake of cervical screening. Cervical cancer is preventable and easily treatable if it is detected at early stages, but poor information on prevention and access to screening and treatment contributes to 90% of deaths. In the developing countries such as Nigeria, a large proportion of cervical cancers are diagnosed in advanced stages, with poor rates of survival. The three main methods for preventing cervical cancer are through primary prevention (human papillomavirus vaccination and health education), secondary prevention (cervical screening, early detection of precancerous lesions, and treatment), and tertiary prevention (measures to slow the progression or recurrence, surgical removal, radiotherapy, and chemotherapy). Nurses can help improve the acceptability of this neglected promise by focusing on health education on cervical screening and vaccination in prenatal clinics and infant welfare clinics where there are more women. Inclusion of cyberspace could also serve as a successful and popular platform for this health teaching. All nurses/midwives must preach and fervently work toward the WHO 90–70–90 plan for eradicating cervical cancer.

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Screening and Prevention of Cervical Cancer in the World

Cited by 4 publications

References 35 publications

Barriers to cervical cancer screening in Africa: a systematic review

Barriers to cervical cancer screening in Africa: a systematic review

Determinants of Acquisition, Persistence, and Clearance of Oncogenic Cervical Human Papillomavirus Infection in the Philippines Using a Multi-Omics Approach: DEFEAT HPV Study Protocol

The role of nurses in the prevention of cervical cancer: Cervical screening, an unkept promise by the majority of women in Nigeria

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