Screening and Industrial Application of Unique Microbial Reactions Involved in Nucleic Acid and Lipid Metabolisms

Ogawa, Jun; Soong, Chee-Leong; Kishino, Shigenobu; Liu, Qingshan; Horinouchi, Nobuyuki; Shimizu, Sakayu

doi:10.1271/bbb.70.574

Cited by 12 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 51 publications

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“…Gut microbiota produces and releases large quantities of purines, thus making them available to the intestinal mucosa [ 29 ]. Several microbial strains have a nucleosidase activity and degrade purine nucleosides in the intestines [ 30 ]. Thus, the alteration of the host purine metabolism by loss of microbiota may contribute to the more severe adenine-induced kidney damage in the GF mice.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Germ-Free Conditions Modulate Host Purine Metabolism, Exacerbating Adenine-Induced Kidney Damage

Mishima

Ichijo

Kawabe

et al. 2020

Toxins

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Alterations in microbiota are known to affect kidney disease conditions. We have previously shown that germ-free conditions exacerbated adenine-induced kidney damage in mice; however, the mechanism by which this occurs has not been elucidated. To explore this mechanism, we examined the influence of germ-free conditions on purine metabolism and renal immune responses involved in the kidney damage. Germ-free mice showed higher expression levels of purine-metabolizing enzymes such as xanthine dehydrogenase, which converts adenine to a nephrotoxic byproduct 2,8-dihydroxyadenine (2,8-DHA). The germ-free mice also showed increased urinary excretion of allantoin, indicating enhanced purine metabolism. Metabolome analysis demonstrated marked differences in the purine metabolite levels in the feces of germ-free mice and mice with microbiota. Furthermore, unlike the germ-free condition, antibiotic treatment did not increase the expression of purine-metabolizing enzymes or exacerbate adenine-induced kidney damage. Considering renal immune responses, the germ-free mice displayed an absence of renal IL-17A expression. However, the adenine-induced kidney damage in wild-type mice was comparable to that in IL-17A-deficient mice, suggesting that IL-17A does not play a major role in the disease condition. Our results suggest that the enhanced host purine metabolism in the germ-free mice potentially promotes the conversion of the administered adenine into 2,8-DHA, resulting in exacerbated kidney damage. This further suggests a role of the microbiota in regulating host purine metabolism.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Germ-Free Conditions Modulate Host Purine Metabolism, Exacerbating Adenine-Induced Kidney Damage

Mishima

Ichijo

Kawabe

et al. 2020

Toxins

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“…Our analyses on conjugated fatty acid synthesis in representative gut bacteria, the lactic acid bacteria (12)(13)(14)(15), demonstrated that Lactobacillus plantarum AKU 1009a (AKU Culture Collection, Faculty of Agriculture, Kyoto University) can transform the cis-9,cis-12 diene structure of C18 fatty acids such as linoleic acid, α-linolenic acid, and γ-linolenic acid into the conjugated diene structures cis-9,trans-11 and trans-9,trans-11 (16)(17)(18)(19)(20)(21). In addition, this strain can saturate these conjugated dienes into the trans-10 monoene.…”

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confidence: 96%

Polyunsaturated fatty acid saturation by gut lactic acid bacteria affecting host lipid composition

Kishino

Takeuchi²,

Park

et al. 2013

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

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In the representative gut bacterium Lactobacillus plantarum, we identified genes encoding the enzymes involved in a saturation metabolism of polyunsaturated fatty acids and revealed in detail the metabolic pathway that generates hydroxy fatty acids, oxo fatty acids, conjugated fatty acids, and partially saturated transfatty acids as intermediates. Furthermore, we observed these intermediates, especially hydroxy fatty acids, in host organs. Levels of hydroxy fatty acids were much higher in specific pathogen-free mice than in germ-free mice, indicating that these fatty acids are generated through polyunsaturated fatty acids metabolism of gastrointestinal microorganisms. These findings suggested that lipid metabolism by gastrointestinal microbes affects the health of the host by modifying fatty acid composition.biohydrogenation | hydratase | fatty acid isomerase | conjugated linoleic acid | lipid nutrition

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“…Previous studies by our group revealed that lactic acid bacteria had the ability to convert linoleic acid efficiently to CLA (Kishino et al 2002(Kishino et al , 2003bOgawa et al 2005Ogawa et al , 2006a. The CLAs produced by lactic acid bacteria were identified as cis-9,trans-11-CLA and trans-9,trans-11-CLA ( Fig.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 91%

“…Previous studies by our group revealed that lactic acid bacteria had the ability to convert linoleic acid efficiently to CLA (Kishino et al. 2002, 2003b; Ogawa et al. 2005, 2006a,b).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Microbial production of conjugated γ-linolenic acid from γ-linolenic acid byLactobacillus plantarumAKU 1009a

Kishino

Ogawa

Ando

et al. 2009

Journal of Applied Microbiology

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Aims: Optimal production conditions of conjugated γ‐linolenic acid (CGLA) from γ‐linolenic acid using washed cells of Lactobacillus plantarum AKU 1009a as catalysts were investigated. Methods and Results: Washed cells of Lact. plantarum AKU 1009a exhibiting a high level of CGLA productivity were obtained by cultivation in a nutrient medium supplemented with 0·03% (w/v) α‐linolenic acid as an inducer. Under the optimal reaction conditions with 13 mg ml−1γ‐linolenic acid as a substrate in 5 ‐ml reaction volume, the washed cells [32% (wet cells, w/v) corresponding to 46 mg ml−1 dry cells] as the catalysts produced 8·8 mg CGLA per millilitre reaction mixture (68% molar yield) in 27 h. The produced CGLA was a mixture of two isomers, i.e., cis‐6,cis‐9,trans‐11‐octadecatrienoic acid (CGLA1, 40% of total CGLA) and cis‐6,trans‐9,trans‐11‐octadecatrienoic acid (CGLA2, 60% of total CGLA), and accounted for 66% of total fatty acid obtained. The CGLA produced was obtained as free fatty acids adsorbed mostly on the surface of the cells of Lact. plantarum AKU1009a. Conclusion: The practical process of CGLA production from γ‐linolenic acid using washed cells of Lact. plantarum AKU 1009a was successfully established. Significance and Impact of the Study: We presented the first example of microbial production of CGLA. CGLA produced by the process is valuable for evaluating their physiological and nutritional effects, and chemical characteristics.

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Screening and Industrial Application of Unique Microbial Reactions Involved in Nucleic Acid and Lipid Metabolisms

Cited by 12 publications

References 51 publications

Germ-Free Conditions Modulate Host Purine Metabolism, Exacerbating Adenine-Induced Kidney Damage

Germ-Free Conditions Modulate Host Purine Metabolism, Exacerbating Adenine-Induced Kidney Damage

Polyunsaturated fatty acid saturation by gut lactic acid bacteria affecting host lipid composition

Microbial production of conjugated γ-linolenic acid from γ-linolenic acid byLactobacillus plantarumAKU 1009a

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