Screening and Identification of APOC1 as a Novel Potential Biomarker for Differentiate of Mycoplasma pneumoniae in Children

Abstract

Background: Although Mycoplasma pneumoniae (MP) is a common cause of community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) in children, the currently used diagnostic methods are not optimal. Proteomics is increasingly being used to study the biomarkers of infectious diseases.Methods: Label-free quantitative proteomics and liquid chromatography-mass/mass spectrometry were used to analyze the fold change of protein expression in plasma of children with MP pneumonia (MPP), infectious disease control (IDC), and healthy control (HC) groups. Selected proteins that can distinguish MPP from HC and IDC were further validated by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA).Results: After multivariate analyses, 27 potential plasma biomarkers were identified to be expressed differently among child MPP, HC, and IDC groups. Among these proteins, SERPINA3, APOC1, ANXA6, KNTC1, and CFLAR were selected for ELISA verification. SERPINA3, APOC1, and CFLAR levels were significantly different among the three groups and the ratios were consistent with the trends of proteomics results. A comparison of MPP patients and HC showed APOC1 had the largest area under the curve (AUC) of 0.853, with 77.6% sensitivity and 81.1% specificity. When APOC1 levels were compared between MPP and IDC patients, it also showed a relatively high AUC of 0.882, with 77.6% sensitivity and 85.3% specificity.Conclusion: APOC1 is a potential biomarker for the rapid and noninvasive diagnosis of MPP in children. The present finding may offer new insights into the pathogenesis and biomarker selection of MPP in children.

Proteomic Study of Mycoplasma Pneumoniae Pneumonia Reveals FCGBP as A Serum Biomarker and Implicates Potential Therapeutic Targets

“…Proteomics is now increasingly used to explore biomarkers of infectious diseases, which can provide us a feasible mean for large-scale screening of SMPP-related proteins, thus enhancing our understanding of the pathogenesis of SMPP. However, till now only two studies performed proteomics analysis in MPP 16,17 , one used serum samples from 5 RMPP children, 5 non-RMPP children, and 5 healthy children, while the other selected plasma from children with MPP, infectious disease controls and healthy controls. There are very few reports on proteomics analysis of SMPP.…”

Early Diagnosis of Mycoplasma pneumoniae in Children: Simultaneous Amplification and Testing (SAT) Is the Key

“…Pediatric MPP was diagnosed according to the guidelines of the Chinese Medical Association as follows: (1) fever, acute respiratory signs (cough, tachypnea, breathing difficulty); (2) shallow breathing and dry or wet rales; (3) chest film with lung portal lymph node and lung gate shadow, bronchopneumonia, interstitial pneumonia, and large and high-density shadows; (4) positive PCR or antibody test (18, 19). Children with MPP were further divided into “the single Ab positive group (MP antibody titer ≥1:160 on admission)” or “the Ab seroconversion group (MP antibody titer seroconversion from negative to positive)”.…”

“…Children with MPP were further divided into “the single Ab positive group (MP antibody titer ≥1:160 on admission)” or “the Ab seroconversion group (MP antibody titer seroconversion from negative to positive)”. Children without MPP were diagnosed with viral or bacterial pneumonia and all had paired-negative Ab results (19). Depending on the period from infection onset to hospitalization (days), the patients were classified as the short-course group (≤7 days) or the long-course group (>7 days).…”

Prognostic scores and biomarkers for pediatric community-acquired pneumonia: how far have we come?

“…The medical literature is currently replete with other reports that indicate the utility of biomarkers as diagnostic, prognostic and discriminatory tools, as well as being a possible therapeutic guide in pediatric CAP. 58 – 73 For instance, as a discriminatory tool, Esposito et al 60 investigated the usefulness of biomarkers such as lipocalin-2 (LIP2) and syndecan 4 (SYN 4) in differentiating bacterial from viral etiology in CAP. They estimated the serum levels of these biomarkers together with the WBC counts and CRP levels in 110 children aged <14 years who were hospitalized for radiographically proven CAP.…”

“…Again, several reports show the diagnostic utility of established and emerging biomarkers in pediatric CAP. 58 , 61 , 62 , 65 , 66 , 68 , 71 , 73 In a recently published study, Li et al 58 used proteomics to identify 27 potential plasma proteins in children with M. pneumoniae pneumonia (MPP) and found that human apolipoprotein C-I precursor (APOC1) was a potential novel biomarker for the rapid and noninvasive diagnosis of MPP in children, an observation that the authors believed could offer new insights into the pathogenesis and biomarker selection of MPP in pediatric patients.…”