Screening and evaluation of adventitious root lines of Panax notoginseng by morphology, gene expression, and metabolite profiles

Abstract

Panax notoginseng is a commonly used Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) and has diverse pharmacological activities with triterpenoid saponins as its main active ingredient. In the cultivation of P. notoginseng, continuous cropping is a serious problem, which could induce reduced productivity, low tuber quality, and plant mortality. With unique advantages of easy control, relative stability, high yields, tissue culture is widely used in the protection of TCM resources. In this study, we screened one adventitious root line, multi-branched (MB) root induced from wild-type roots of P. notoginseng, with a high yield of total triterpenoid saponins (17.92 mg/g). The morphology analysis showed that MB root had structure similar to that of wild-type roots, except for the highly branched phenotype. MB root also showed close gene expression levels and metabolite profiles, which were also similar to those of wild-type roots of Demonstration Park (S3Y). Pearson's correlation coefficient analysis confirmed the importance of key gene, 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl CoA reductase (HMGR), and transcription factor, PnERF1, in regulating triterpenoid saponin biosynthesis in P. notoginseng. These results suggested that MB root possesses potential value in the largescale cultivation of P. notoginseng. KeywordsPanax notoginseng . Adventitious root . Microscopic analysis . Triterpenoid saponins . Gene expression various therapeutic effects, such as anti-tumor, anti-oxidant (Ng 2006), blood circulation promotion (Zhang et al. 2016), and neurological function improvement (Gao et al. 2012). P. notoginseng extract and its active constituents are also widely utilized in food, health products, and cosmetics (Wang et al. 2016). In China, circa 5000 tons of P. notoginseng is consumed annually (Duan et al. 2017;Liu et al. 2014). P. notoginseng, as a perennial plant, has a narrow ecological range mainly in Wenshan, Yunnan province of China (Dong et al. 2018). It is known that continuous cropping is a serious problem in cultivation of P. notoginseng. Continuous cropping has multiple adverse effects on P. notoginseng, such as productivity and tuber quality decrease. In severe cases, continuous cropping will lead to plant death (Hu et al. 2011;Liu et al. 2011). Crop r o t a t i o n i s a n e ff e c t i v e m e t h o d f o r r e p l a n t i n g P. notoginseng; however, it needs 8 years or more (Ma et al. 2006). Nowadays, arable soils for cultivation of P. notoginseng are becoming scarce (Dong et al. 2018). In addition, the region of origin (Guan et al. 2007), harvest time (Xia et al. 2017), and processing (Yu et al. 2013) are also influential on the quality of P. notoginseng.

Composition and function of rhizosphere microbiome of Panax notoginseng with discrepant yields

“…P. notoginseng is a perennial medicinal plant cultivated in fixed plots for at least 3 years to obtain high quality roots [10,11], and continuous cropping can decrease tuber quality and yield [12]. P. notoginseng has a narrow ecological range, and its cultivation primarily occurs in Wenshan, Yunnan Province [11,13]. Approximately 8-10 years of crop rotation is needed to replant P. notoginseng [11,14].…”

Improving growth properties and phytochemical compounds of Echinacea purpurea (L.) medicinal plant using novel nitrogen slow release fertilizer under greenhouse conditions

“…Rhizomata cum radicibus extract of E. purpurea can entrap hydroxyl radicals. This antioxidant mechanism is described as elimination of free radicals and chelating metal ions 38 . Effective compounds of E. purpurea are alkylamids, polysacharides, glicoproteins and chicoric acid.…”

Recent Advances in Traditional Chinese Medicine for Treatment of Podocyte Injury

“…Recently, PN is widely used both in the prevention and treatment of various cardiovascular, cerebrovascular and hematological diseases, such as heart failure, myocardial infarction and cerebral infarction (Fu et al, 2021). Experimental studies have shown that PN has diverse pharmacological activities with notoginsenosides, triterpenoid saponins and dencichine as its main active ingredients (Yao et al, 2019), including anti-inflammatory, anti-obesity, antioxidative, antiplatelet, antihyperglycemic, antihypertensive, and anti-depression properties (Xie et al, 2018b;. Shi et al proposed that PN attenuates the excretion of proteinuria, improves podocyte injury, and slows the progress of DN both in vivo or in vitro (Shi et al, 2016).…”