Screening

Raffle, Angela E.; Gray, James

doi:10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199214495.001.0001

Cited by 143 publications

(21 citation statements)

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“…In a cancer screening programme that involves repeat testing, the term ‘interval cancer’ is used to describe a cancer that is diagnosed after a negative screening test result and before the date of the next screening test 1. In the Scottish Bowel Cancer Screening Programme, which is based on biennial guaiac-based faecal occult blood testing (GFOBT) as the initial test, an interval cancer is defined as a cancer that is diagnosed within 2 years of a negative screening test result 2…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Interval cancers in a FOBT-based colorectal cancer population screening programme: implications for stage, gender and tumour site

Steele

McClements

Watling

et al. 2011

Gut

132

128

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Although GFOBT screening is associated with substantial interval cancer rates that increase with screening round, the absolute numbers do not. Interval cancers are associated with a better prognosis than cancers arising in a non-screened population, and GFOBT appears to preferentially detect cancers in men and the left side of the colon at the expense of cancers in women and in the right colon and rectum.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Interval cancers in a FOBT-based colorectal cancer population screening programme: implications for stage, gender and tumour site

Steele

McClements

Watling

et al. 2011

Gut

132

128

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“…Indeed, although many countries have developed robust systems for reviewing new screening programmes, we found that they are often not applied when assessing whether to screen for additional rare diseases using the newborn blood spot test. Yet it remains essential to make evidence based policy decisions because once screening programmes are started they are difficult to stop 12. When trial evidence is not available, a review of whether to screen for each condition should consider the evidence for each pathway to patient benefit and harm resulting from introducing a screening test, in particular: the test’s ability to discern true disease, any resulting potential for patient harm from overdiagnosis, and the benefits of early detection.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…These characteristics were selected on the basis of our review of published frameworks for test evaluation9101112 to identify all mechanisms recognised to affect patient health as a result of undergoing testing or taking part in a screening programme.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Association between use of systematic reviews and national policy recommendations on screening newborn babies for rare diseases: systematic review and meta-analysis

Taylor‐Phillips

Stinton

Ruffano

et al. 2018

BMJ

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ObjectiveTo understand whether international differences in recommendations of whether to screen for rare diseases using the newborn blood spot test might in part be explained by use of systematic review methods.DesignSystematic review and meta-analysis.Data sourcesWebsite searches of 26 national screening organisations.Eligibility criteria for study selectionJournal articles, papers, legal documents, presentations, conference abstracts, or reports relating to a national recommendation on whether to screen for any condition using the newborn blood spot test, with no restrictions on date or language.Data extractionTwo reviewers independently assessed whether the recommendation for or against screening included systematic reviews, and data on test accuracy, benefits of early detection, and potential harms of overdiagnosis.AnalysisThe odds of recommending screening according to the use of systematic review methods was estimated across conditions using meta-analysis.Results93 reports were included that assessed 104 conditions across 14 countries, totalling 276 recommendations (units of analysis). Screening was favoured in 159 (58%) recommendations, not favoured in 98 (36%), and not recommended either way in 19 (7%). Only 60 (22%) of the recommendations included a systematic review. Use of a systematic review was associated with a reduced probability of screening being recommended (23/60 (38%)v136/216 (63%), odds ratio 0.17, 95% confidence interval 0.07 to 0.43). Of the recommendations, evidence for test accuracy, benefits of early detection, and overdiagnosis was not considered in 115 (42%), 83 (30%), and 211 (76%), respectively.ConclusionsUsing systematic review methods is associated with a reduced probability of screening being recommended. Many national policy reviews of screening for rare conditions using the newborn blood spot test do not assess the evidence on the key benefits and harms of screening.

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“…Screening is performed to reduce the risk of future ill health in a defined group of people, (Raffle et al, 2007). In the case of AAA screening, this is systematically offered to the male population at the age of 65 who live in England, Wales, Scotland and Northern Ireland.…”

Section: Aaa Screeningmentioning

confidence: 99%

Abdominal aortic aneurysms

Atkin

Orsouw

2016

Independent Nurse

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Abdominal Aortic Aneursym (AAA) is an enlargement of the aorta. The aorta is the main artery that runs from the heart suppling oxygented blood to all the major organs. AAA tended only to be found by coincIndence when patients underwent some form of imaging, although in many cases AAA went AAA -what is it?An aneurysm is an area of localised enlargement or dilation of a blood vessel. The word aneurysm comes from the Greek work aneurysma which means 'a widening'. The aorta originates from the left ventricle of the heart and it extends through the chest down into the abdomen splitting at the level of the fourth lumbar vertebrae into the common iliac arteries. The aorta is classed in anatomical compartments: thoracic aorta (from the heart to the diaphragm), and abdominal aorta

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Screening

Cited by 143 publications

References 0 publications

Interval cancers in a FOBT-based colorectal cancer population screening programme: implications for stage, gender and tumour site

Interval cancers in a FOBT-based colorectal cancer population screening programme: implications for stage, gender and tumour site

Association between use of systematic reviews and national policy recommendations on screening newborn babies for rare diseases: systematic review and meta-analysis

Abdominal aortic aneurysms

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