Screen Time and Parents’ Education Level Are Associated with Poor Adherence to the Mediterranean Diet in Spanish Children and Adolescents: The PASOS Study

Wärnberǵ, Julia; Pérez-Farinós, Napoleón; Benavente-Marín, Juan Carlos; Gómez, Santiago F.; Labayen, Idoia; Zapico, Augusto G.; Gusi, Narcís; Aznar, Susana; Valeiro, Miguel González; Serra-Majem, Lluís; Terrados, Nicolás; Tur, Josep A.; Segú, Marta; Lassale, Camille; Homs, Clara; Osés, Maddi; González‐Gross, Marcela; Sánchez‐Gómez, Jesús; Jiménez-Zazo, Fabio; Marín-Cascales, Elena; Sevilla-Sánchez, Marta; Herrera-Ramos, Estefanía; Pulgar, Susana; Bibiloni, María del Mar; Sancho-Moron, Olga; Barón-López, Francisco Javier

doi:10.3390/jcm10040795

Cited by 36 publications

(40 citation statements)

References 68 publications

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“…Likewise, in the present study, low educational level (primary/secondary level) reported in the parents of Chilean children showed a positive association with ST of more than 4 h a day. A recent study reported that daily ST was significantly lower in children whose parents had higher education levels (i.e., university education) compared with peers whose parents had a secondary or primary, or no formal education [ 52 ]. Moreover, Määttä et al [ 40 ] indicated that parents with a high education judged it to be of greater importance to limit the ST of preschool children, compared to parents with low education.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Association between the Sociodemographic Characteristics of Parents with Health-Related and Lifestyle Markers of Children in Three Different Spanish-Speaking Countries: An Inter-Continental Study at OECD Country Level

et al. 2021

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The purpose of this cross-cultural study was to determine the association between the sociodemographic background of a child’s parents (i.e., their socioeconomic level, marital status, and educational level) with the child’s lifestyle (i.e., Mediterranean diet (MD), physical activity (PA) and screen time (ST)), and health markers. Material: This cross-sectional study included 1273 children, from Chile (n = 496), Colombia (n = 340), and Spain (n = 437). The sociodemographic information together with the lifestyle and health markers of the children were measured. There was an inverse association between a low or medium-low socioeconomic level for the parents of Chilean children and handgrip strength (β −0.61, p < 0.001); meanwhile, for Spanish children, an inverse association between a low or medium-low socioeconomic level and PA after school (β −0.58, p = 0.016), lifestyle (β −0.74, p = 0.015), and with MD adherence (β −0.86, p = 0.004) was found. The risk (i.e., by odd ratios (OR)) of being divorced/separated parents marital status showed an inverse association with abdominal obesity (OR 0.21, p = 0.045) in Spanish children; however, the parent’s marital status and a low educational level were risk factors for the suffering of a low nutritional level in Colombian children (OR 2.02, p = 0.048; OR 2.49, p < 0.001, respectively). On the other hand, a low educational level for parents reported for Chilean children had a positive association with ST of ≥4 h per day (OR 1.82, p = 0.020). In conclusion, in Spanish-speaking children, the lifestyle and health markers of the children are affected by the sociodemographic background of their parents; however, these effects could be moderated by the socio-cultural and economic status of their countries as members of the OCDE; therefore, it is essential to develop policies that decrease these gaps, so that children who are under-resourced can reach their full potential.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Association between the Sociodemographic Characteristics of Parents with Health-Related and Lifestyle Markers of Children in Three Different Spanish-Speaking Countries: An Inter-Continental Study at OECD Country Level

et al. 2021

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“…It should be indicated that increased screen time, which is commonly observed during the COVID-19 pandemic [68], may also be an important factor influencing food habits. A study conducted in a Spanish population of children and adolescents during the COVID-19 pandemic revealed that increased screen time was associated with worse dietary behaviors, including lower intake of fruit, vegetables, fish, pulses, and nuts, but higher intake of fast foods and sweets [69]. Similar observations of increased screen time have also been indicated during the COVID-19 pandemic in the population of Polish adolescents [2].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 62%

Analysis of Food Habits during Pandemic in a Polish Population-Based Sample of Primary School Adolescents: Diet and Activity of Youth during COVID-19 (DAY-19) Study

Kołota

Głąbska

2021

Nutrients

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The improper dietary behaviors of children and adolescents during the COVID-19 pandemic, which are associated with lockdowns and reduced physical activity, are a complex problem, potentially resulting in increased risk of diet-related diseases, including overweight and obesity and their consequences. The aim of the study was to assess the food habits during the COVID-19 pandemic and to define their association with physical activity and body mass changes in a Polish population of primary school adolescents within the Diet and Activity of Youth During COVID-19 (DAY-19) Study. The DAY-19 Study was conducted in June 2020 in a national cohort of 1334 primary school students aged 10–16 years, recruited based on a stratified random sampling of schools (sampling counties from voivodeships and schools from counties). The Adolescent Food Habits Checklist (AFHC) was used to assess food habits, associated with food purchase, preparation, and consumption, which in the studied group were analyzed separately for the period before (retrospective data) and during the COVID-19 pandemic (prospective data). The recognizable physical activity changes and recognizable body mass changes were also assessed (retrospective data) and respondents were classified as those declaring that their physical activity and body mass decreased, remained stable, or increased during the COVID-19 pandemic. It was observed that during the COVID-19 pandemic the majority of food habits changed in a statistically significant way (p < 0.05). Within food purchase habits, the number of respondents who declared choosing a low-fat lunch away from home decreased, often buying pastries or cakes decreased, and buying a low-fat crisps brand increased (p < 0.05). Within food preparation habits, the number of respondents who declared trying to keep overall fat intake down increased, trying to keep overall sugar intake down increased, eating at least one serving of vegetables or salad with evening meal increased, and usually including some chocolate and/or biscuits in a packed lunch decreased (p < 0.05). Within food consumption habits, the number of respondents who declared making sure that they eat at least one serving of fruit a day increased, eating at least three servings of fruit most days increased, making sure that they eat at least one serving of vegetables or salad a day increased, trying to ensure that they eat plenty of fruit and vegetables increased, often choosing a fruit when they have a snack between meals increased, eating at least three servings of fruit most days increased, and generally trying to have a healthy diet increased (p < 0.05). It was concluded that in the period of the COVID-19 pandemic and resultant remote education, adolescents in Poland presented different food habits than before, while the majority of changes were positive. The positive food purchase, preparation, and consumption habits were observed mainly in sub-groups of adolescents declaring decreased body mass or increased physical activity during the COVID-19 pandemic. It may be suggested that physical activity may support positive changes of dietary behaviors and while combined positive changes of diet and increased physical activity, they may effectively promote body mass reduction in adolescents.

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“…Additionally, excessive screen time has been associated with higher energy intake, lower consumption of fruits and vegetables, higher consumption of saturated fat, and lower quality of nutrients, suggesting that screen time leads to higher intake caloric associated with junk food, which could be influenced by watching food advertisements during TV viewing [52,53].…”

Section: Academic Achievementmentioning

confidence: 99%

Association between Screen Time and Cardiometabolic Risk Factors and Academic Achievement among Children

Hernández-Luengo¹,

Álvarez‐Bueno²,

Visier³

et al. 2021

Int J Pediatr Res

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Background: Excessive screen time has been associated with a deleterious impact on cardiometabolic health and academic achievement in children; however, the evidence supporting these effects depends on the type of electronic device.Objective: To examine the association between the time spent watching television (TV) and using interactive electronic devices (computers, tablets, etc.) with cardiometabolic risk factors and academic achievement in school-aged children (8-11 years).Methods/design: Cross-sectional analysis was conducted using baseline measurements from a cluster randomized trial conducted in children in the 4 th and 5 th grades of primary education from 10 schools in Cuenca Province, Castilla-La Mancha (Spain). Sociodemographic variables, academic achievements, cardiometabolic risk (CMR) indicators, blood pressure and biochemical determinations were measured. Additionally, screen time was measured as TV viewing, electronic device use and overall screen media use and categorized by exposure time as low (< 2 hours), medium (2-3 hours) or high (> 3 hours). Academic achievement was assessed using academic grades that could range from 0 to 10. ANCOVA analyses adjusted for age, SES and BMI, were used to assess differences in anthropometric variables, metabolic variables, and academic achievement across screen time categories by sex.Results: A total of 560 children (51.96% girls) aged 8 to 11 years were examined. The mean total screen time (h/d) for boys was higher (3.89; 95% CI: 3.65-4.13) than that for girls (3.42; 95% CI: 3.21-3.63). For boys, those who watched TV for > 3 hours had worse mean differences than those in the lower categories of watching television in systolic blood pressure (SBP) in mmHg, (-4.09; 95% CI [-7.82, -0.37], p = 0.026), HDL-c levels in mg/dL (8.18; 95% CI [2.25, 14.11], p = 0.003), glucose levels in mg/dL (0.75; 95% CI [-0.86, 2.36], p = 0.79), metabolic syndrome indices in percentage , p = 0.025), and glycated haemoglobin A1c levels in mg/dL (-0.09; 95% CI [-0.18,-0.00], p = 0.046). In addition, boys and girls in the highest category of TV viewing reported worse scores in mathematics (6.50 [SD 1.81] and 6.11 [SD 1.80], respectively) than their peers. When analysing these variables by use of electronic devices and total screen time, most of these relationships disappeared. Conclusion:Our data show that watching TV is the dimension of screen time that is most consistently associated with increased cardiometabolic risk factors and lower academic performance.

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Screen Time and Parents’ Education Level Are Associated with Poor Adherence to the Mediterranean Diet in Spanish Children and Adolescents: The PASOS Study

Cited by 36 publications

References 68 publications

Association between the Sociodemographic Characteristics of Parents with Health-Related and Lifestyle Markers of Children in Three Different Spanish-Speaking Countries: An Inter-Continental Study at OECD Country Level

Association between the Sociodemographic Characteristics of Parents with Health-Related and Lifestyle Markers of Children in Three Different Spanish-Speaking Countries: An Inter-Continental Study at OECD Country Level

Analysis of Food Habits during Pandemic in a Polish Population-Based Sample of Primary School Adolescents: Diet and Activity of Youth during COVID-19 (DAY-19) Study

Association between Screen Time and Cardiometabolic Risk Factors and Academic Achievement among Children

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