Screen printed bifunctional gas diffusion electrodes for aqueous metal-air batteries: Combining the best of the catalyst and binder world

Flegler, Andreas; Hartmann, Sarah; Settelein, Jochen; Mandel, Karl; Sextl, Gerhard

doi:10.1016/j.electacta.2017.11.088

Cited by 16 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…However, in attempting to meet the criteria for practical applications, electrodes with larger catalyst loading areas and lower gas transport losses have drawn increasing attention. GDEs have been used in fuel cells and metal-air batteries for a long time and have recently been utilized in other electrochemical processes, including nitrogen reduction reactions and carbon dioxide reduction reactions [118][119][120][121][122]. Consequently, measurements of catalyst performance in largerscale H 2 O 2 production are usually performed with GDEs or with other types of conventional electrodes.…”

Section: Gdementioning

confidence: 99%

Electrocatalytic Oxygen Reduction to Produce Hydrogen Peroxide: Rational Design from Single-Atom Catalysts to Devices

Tong

Wang

Hou

et al. 2022

Electrochem. Energy Rev.

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Electrocatalytic production of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) via the 2e− transfer route of the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) offers a promising alternative to the energy-intensive anthraquinone process, which dominates current industrial-scale production of H2O2. The availability of cost-effective electrocatalysts exhibiting high activity, selectivity, and stability is imperative for the practical deployment of this process. Single-atom catalysts (SACs) featuring the characteristics of both homogeneous and heterogeneous catalysts are particularly well suited for H2O2 synthesis and thus, have been intensively investigated in the last few years. Herein, we present an in-depth review of the current trends for designing SACs for H2O2 production via the 2e− ORR route. We start from the electronic and geometric structures of SACs. Then, strategies for regulating these isolated metal sites and their coordination environments are presented in detail, since these fundamentally determine electrocatalytic performance. Subsequently, correlations between electronic structures and electrocatalytic performance of the materials are discussed. Furthermore, the factors that potentially impact the performance of SACs in H2O2 production are summarized. Finally, the challenges and opportunities for rational design of more targeted H2O2-producing SACs are highlighted. We hope this review will present the latest developments in this area and shed light on the design of advanced materials for electrochemical energy conversion. Graphical abstract

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Section: Gdementioning

confidence: 99%

Electrocatalytic Oxygen Reduction to Produce Hydrogen Peroxide: Rational Design from Single-Atom Catalysts to Devices

Tong

Wang

Hou

et al. 2022

Electrochem. Energy Rev.

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“…[ 6 ] Furthermore, its integration into a hybrid catalyst or mixing with an OER active catalyst is quite common in literature. [ 4,15–34 ]…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Investigation of Highly Active Carbon‐, Cobalt‐, and Noble Metal‐Free MnO₂/NiO/Ni‐Based Bifunctional Air Electrodes for Metal–Air Batteries with an Alkaline Electrolyte

et al. 2023

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Compared to other battery technologies, metal-air batteries offer high specific capacities because the active material at the cathode side is supplied by ambient atmosphere. To secure and further extend this advantage, the development of highly active and stable bifunctional air electrodes is currently the main challenge that needs to be resolved. Herein, a highly active carbon-, cobalt-, and noble-metal-free MnO 2 /NiO-based bifunctional air electrode is presented for metal-air batteries in alkaline electrolytes. Notably, while electrodes without MnO 2 reveal stable current densities over 100 cyclic voltammetry cycles, MnO 2 containing samples show a superior initial activity and an elevated open circuit potential. Along this line, the partial substitution of MnO 2 by NiO drastically increases the cycling stability of the electrode. X-ray diffractograms, scanning electron microscopy images, and energy-dispersive X-ray spectra are obtained before and after cycling to investigate structural changes of the hot-pressed electrodes. XRD results suggest that MnO 2 is dissolved or transformed into an amorphous phase during cycling. Furthermore, SEM micrographs show that the porous structure of a MnO 2 and NiO containing electrode is not maintained during cycling.

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“…Moisture penetration from the atmosphere is one of the major problems for alkaline metal–air batteries since it leads to the formation of insoluble products. The moisture also restricts oxygen diffusion through the electrode which can severely reduce the electrochemical activity of the cathode. , In addition, the water uptake through the cell leads to a decreased electrolyte concentration, considerably reducing ionic conductivity and deteriorating cycling life. , Therefore, most of the current studies in the literature related to metal–air batteries have reported cycling ability and rate ability in dry O 2 atmosphere. − Another problem associated with metal–air batteries is excessive water loss from the electrolyte, negatively affecting discharge reactions during long-term operation. − The thickness of the air electrode may also hinder mass transfer of oxygen as well as the capacity and rate of performance of the metal–air batteries. , Oxygen transport limitation and oxygen starvation during cathode reactions at high current densities results in serious charge/discharge polarization and poor rate performance. , …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

CVD-Deposited Oxygen-Selective Fluorinated Siloxane Copolymers as Gas Diffusion Layers

Cihanoğlu

Ebil

2022

Ind. Eng. Chem. Res.

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Copolymer thin films of 2,4,6,8-tetramethyl-2,4,6,8tetravinylcyclotetrasiloxane (V4D4), 2-(perfluorohexylethylacrylate) (PFHEA), and 2-(perfluoroalkylethylmethacrylate) (PFEMA) were synthesized via initiated chemical vapor deposition (iCVD) as potential candidates for gas diffusion layers (GDLs) in gas diffusion electrodes (GDEs) for aqueous metal−air batteries. Thin-film GDLs exhibited an average water vapor transmission rate of 7.5 g m −2 day −1 and enhanced oxygen diffusion with oxygen permeabilities as high as 3.53 × 10 −15 mol m m −2 s −1 Pa −1 (10.5 Barrer). The electrochemical performance of GDEs fabricated using commercial catalysts, current collectors, and synthesized GDLs was investigated by cyclic voltammetry, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, and potentiodynamic polarization measurements. The fabricated GDEs exhibited higher oxygen reduction current densities (228.2 mA cm −2 ) compared to commercial GDEs (132.7 mA cm −2 ). Copolymer GLDs exhibited an order of magnitude higher oxygen diffusion (39.5 × 10 −8 cm 2 s −1 ) in GDEs compared to commercial counterparts (1.84 × 10 −8 cm 2 s −1 ). Due to the high oxygen solubility of V4D4 and excellent hydrophobic behavior of PFHEA and PFEMA, their copolymers can effectively promote the diffusion of oxygen and restrict moisture intake, making them ideal materials for GDLs. Combining wellbalanced properties of siloxane and fluorinated polymer chemistries, the iCVD process is an excellent low-cost method for the fabrication of GDLs for metal−air battery applications.

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Screen printed bifunctional gas diffusion electrodes for aqueous metal-air batteries: Combining the best of the catalyst and binder world

Cited by 16 publications

References 18 publications

Electrocatalytic Oxygen Reduction to Produce Hydrogen Peroxide: Rational Design from Single-Atom Catalysts to Devices

Electrocatalytic Oxygen Reduction to Produce Hydrogen Peroxide: Rational Design from Single-Atom Catalysts to Devices

Investigation of Highly Active Carbon‐, Cobalt‐, and Noble Metal‐Free MnO₂/NiO/Ni‐Based Bifunctional Air Electrodes for Metal–Air Batteries with an Alkaline Electrolyte

CVD-Deposited Oxygen-Selective Fluorinated Siloxane Copolymers as Gas Diffusion Layers

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Screen printed bifunctional gas diffusion electrodes for aqueous metal-air batteries: Combining the best of the catalyst and binder world

Cited by 16 publications

References 18 publications

Electrocatalytic Oxygen Reduction to Produce Hydrogen Peroxide: Rational Design from Single-Atom Catalysts to Devices

Electrocatalytic Oxygen Reduction to Produce Hydrogen Peroxide: Rational Design from Single-Atom Catalysts to Devices

Investigation of Highly Active Carbon‐, Cobalt‐, and Noble Metal‐Free MnO2/NiO/Ni‐Based Bifunctional Air Electrodes for Metal–Air Batteries with an Alkaline Electrolyte

CVD-Deposited Oxygen-Selective Fluorinated Siloxane Copolymers as Gas Diffusion Layers

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Investigation of Highly Active Carbon‐, Cobalt‐, and Noble Metal‐Free MnO₂/NiO/Ni‐Based Bifunctional Air Electrodes for Metal–Air Batteries with an Alkaline Electrolyte