Scratch Resistance and Localised Damage Characteristics of Polymer Surfaces – a Review

Briscoe, B.J.; Sinha, Sujeet K.

doi:10.1002/mawe.200300687

Cited by 114 publications

(67 citation statements)

References 59 publications

(101 reference statements)

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“…Lin et al [19] have proposed essentially the same thesis for a commercial acrylic coating. These striations are generally very narrow elements, which are likely to be much smaller in width than the indenter tip, which has a radius of curvature of $50 nm (see figure 10).…”

Section: Subsurface Void Morphologymentioning

confidence: 94%

Nano-indentation of scratched poly(methyl methacrylate) surfaces

et al. 2005

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The paper describes an experimental study of the nano-indentation hardness profiling of scratches, of various depths, produced upon the surface of a poly(methyl methacrylate). The method has limited spatial resolution and typically the indent size, and hence the volume of deformed material sensed, was in the worst cases one-tenth of the scratch width; in exceptional cases the resolution was ten times better than this figure. Additionally, the various topographical and morphological features are evaluated using laser profilometry and optical and scanning electron microscopy. The data described indicate that the scratching process introduces damage in subsurface regions, which may be tentatively ascribed to the formation of subsurface crazing or voidage in certain regions of the scratch damage area; in particular within the base of the scratch formation. Such structures could potentially develop in the substrate tensile fields developed at the rear of the indenter. In addition, there is evidence for densification of the polymer adjacent to the primary damage zone-on the ''shoulder'' areas adjacent to the main scratch path. An analysis of the periodic fluctuations of the nanohardness data, in certain zones, allows a speculative description of the topology of the subsurface damage in terms of the induced voidage and its distribution. Such features would naturally lead to a ''positive'' deformation volume; an analysis of an orthogonal topographical trace of a scratch allows a simulation of volume with respect to the unpurturbed surface-a ''positive'' comparison infers an additional volume and vice versa. In the current study, such ''positive'' volume deformation regions were not unequivocally identified with the proposed craze zones using the topographical estimation procedures employed.

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Section: Subsurface Void Morphologymentioning

confidence: 94%

Nano-indentation of scratched poly(methyl methacrylate) surfaces

et al. 2005

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“…They studied the scratch resistance of continuous carbon-fiber-reinforced polyetherimide composites as a function of fiber orientations. Briscoe and Sinha [11] presented an extensive literature review on the scratch test in polymer materials and their use for material property characterization. Using scratch testing and scanning electron microscopy, Rasheva et al [12] studied the correlation between the tribological and mechanical properties of short carbon fiber-reinforced PEEK materials with different fiber orientations.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of scratch damage on progressive failure of laminated carbon fiber/epoxy composites

Shams

Elhajjar

2013

International Journal of Mechanical Sciences

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“…Scratch method offers an appropriate and trustworthy way to study the mechanical properties of organic polymers under different contact conditions [6,10,11,[13][14][15][16]. A number of researchers have used scratch test to evaluate resistance to scratch for different polymers.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In order to slim down various effects, Briscoe et al [11] have proposed the idea of using scratching maps while presenting scratching data. Although qualitative in nature, scratching maps provide an outstanding way of identifying some broad deformation behaviour of polymers such as ductile, brittle or visco-plastic for a broad array of experimental parameters [13,15].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Sue and coworkers have concentrated to apply the scratch test for evaluating the surface scratch resistance of different polymers. They noticed that the scratch process is a function of the basic material properties such as the elastic modulus, the yield strength and the tensile strength as well as material surface characteristics such as the coefficient of friction [2,3,15].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Comparative study of the effect of PEG and Crodamide on the scratch resistance of PMMA

Muhammad¹,

Gauthier²,

Gérard³

et al. 2010

Tribology and Design

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Scratch durability of polymer surfaces and coatings is becoming crucial for the growing use of these materials in innovative applications, replacing former materials with more resistant surfaces. A variety of physico-chemical processes such as annealing and a range of ion plantation techniques have been proved very valuable for the renovation of polymeric surfaces but their applications are restricted to some certain polymers due to a number of disadvantages. In particular, several of them can not be applied to translucent polymers like PMMA due to their darkening outcome. Enhancement of the scratch resistance must be investigated for the most part as a consequence due to decreasing the friction coefficient. The recovery increases if the tip is smooth or if the local friction coefficient is low. Discovery of appropriate plasticizers for different polymers to decrease their surface friction is yet to be made in order to improve their scratch resistance.The effect of PEG and crodamide on both surface properties and bulk mechanical properties of PMMA was studied over a wide range of temperature (ranging from -40 to +85°C). Our experimental results show that a decrease in friction coefficient is possible by the introduction of appropriate plasticizer without having a significant effect on its bulk behaviour and this decrease in friction depends upon the nature and the content of plasticizer. Moreover, fatty acid amides have been proved more effective in decreasing friction than PEG. The friction decreases directly with the percentage of crodamide. The values of the rear contact angle and in-situ photographs during scratching confirm that the decrease in friction is associated with the decrease of yielding of the contact between the tip and the polymer surface.

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Scratch Resistance and Localised Damage Characteristics of Polymer Surfaces – a Review

Cited by 114 publications

References 59 publications

Nano-indentation of scratched poly(methyl methacrylate) surfaces

Nano-indentation of scratched poly(methyl methacrylate) surfaces

Effects of scratch damage on progressive failure of laminated carbon fiber/epoxy composites

Comparative study of the effect of PEG and Crodamide on the scratch resistance of PMMA

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