Scrap Tires: Disposal and Reuse

Snyder, Robert H.

doi:10.4271/r-158

Cited by 19 publications

(15 citation statements)

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“…6(3), [206][207][208][209][210][211][212][213][214][215][216][217][218][219][220][221]2012 at about 1.5%, to strengthen the rubber (Snyder, 1998). Second, glue used during construction, contained in flooring sealing materials, and additional exposure of Pb during spraying of the materials is significant.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Health Risk Assessment for Artificial Turf Playgrounds in School Athletic Facilities: Multi-route Exposure Estimation for Use Patterns

Kim¹,

Lim²,

Kim³

et al. 2012

Asian J. Atmos. Environ

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Hazardous chemicals can be released from artificial turf used in some school playgrounds. To distinguish between Health risk assessment (HRA) exposure scenarios for this study, the ratio of elementary, middle and high schools was considered before final selection. Considering exposure pathways (inhalational, oral and dermal), media and materials were examined, targeting hazardous chemicals released from artificial turf playground-related products. Upon evaluation, the quantity of infill chips was shown to exceed the domestic product content standard (90 mg/kg) at eight (16%) out of 50 schools. PAHs were shown to exceed standards (10 mg/kg) at two (4%) out of the 50 schools. The excess cancer risk (ECR) of carcinogens was shown to be 1×10 -6 in most users for the worst exposure scenario. In children with pica, who represented the most extreme exposure group, the ECR was expected to be as high as 1×10 -4 , showing the low risk level of carcinogens. The hazard index (HI) for individual chemicals was shown to be low, at around 0.1 or less, except for children with pica, according to the mean exposure scenario of artificial turf playground exposure. However, the HI was shown to exceed 1.0 in children with pica. Therefore, no direct health risk was found in using artificial turf playgrounds and urethane flooring tracks for the mean exposure scenario, except in children with pica.

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confidence: 99%

Health Risk Assessment for Artificial Turf Playgrounds in School Athletic Facilities: Multi-route Exposure Estimation for Use Patterns

Kim¹,

Lim²,

Kim³

et al. 2012

Asian J. Atmos. Environ

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“…One is the tire-derived fuel (ASTM D6700-01, 2001;Clark et al, 1993;Reisman, 1997;Snyder, 1998). These performance advancements of tires typically make the processing of scrap tires more difficult.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…These performance advancements of tires typically make the processing of scrap tires more difficult. The third application of scrap tires is to produce the crumb rubber, which can be used in rubber-modified asphalt for more durable road pavements or molded to make cushion and vibration isolation parts (Clark et al, 1993;Snyder, 1998). Scrap tires, if left unprocessed, can last for long periods of time and become environmentally hazardous.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The concept of rotary disk cutting was first developed by Kurt Rosler in the 1960s (Snyder, 1998). It has been used extensively for scrap tire shredding applications.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The three-body wear due to sand and other hard debris carried by scrap tires has been identified as the major blade wear mechanism (Snyder, 1998). The blade wear increases the gap width, t, and gradually deteriorates the shearing or cutting action.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Kinematics and Wear of Tool Blades for Scrap Tire Shredding

Shih

McCall

2004

Machining Science and Technology

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The wear of tool blades for cost-effective scrap tire shredding is investigated. Rotary disk cutters are widely used for cutting scrap tires into small pieces. The hard, wear-resistant tool blades mounted on the periphery of disk cutters maintain a narrow gap between blades and generate the cutting action. The kinematics of the relative motion of two adjacent disk cutters is derived to model the overlap region on blades during cutting. The model predictions match well with the actual shapes of the worn regions on used tool blades. The wear of tool blades made of AISI D2 and CRU-WEAR (CW) tool steels for scrap tire shredding is evaluated. A coordinate measurement machine was used to measure the tool wear. The wear on the blade surface is not uniform. Regions with high wear rate are explained using the kinematics analysis. The CW blades show a lower wear rate, about half of that of D2 blades, and a potential choice for cost savings.

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Rubbers and Elastomers

Elias

2009

Macromolecules

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Scrap Tires: Disposal and Reuse

Cited by 19 publications

References 0 publications

Health Risk Assessment for Artificial Turf Playgrounds in School Athletic Facilities: Multi-route Exposure Estimation for Use Patterns

Health Risk Assessment for Artificial Turf Playgrounds in School Athletic Facilities: Multi-route Exposure Estimation for Use Patterns

Kinematics and Wear of Tool Blades for Scrap Tire Shredding

Rubbers and Elastomers

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