Scrap Tire Disposal Process

Crane, Grant; Kay, E.

doi:10.5254/1.3545039

Cited by 26 publications

(15 citation statements)

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“…Tire char can be used as a reinforcing filler for low-value rubber goods and perhaps as a printing ink pigment after appropriate treatment (Petrich, 1991). Several studies have been conducted on using tire char, instead of carbon black, for filling polymers and vulcanizates (Crane and Kay, 1975; Kawakami et al, 1980;Makarov and Drozdovski, 1991). The quality of vulcanizates filled with tire char tends to lie between the qualities of vulcanizates produced with high-activity and low-activity commercial carbon blacks.…”

Section: ;mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, rubber reclaim generated from scrap tires does not have suitable properties for use in tire manufacture and must be used for low-value rubber goods (Makarov and Drozdovski, 1991). Moreover, production with rubber reclaim can be more costly than production with virgin raw materials (Crane and Kay, 1975). As a result, the majority of scrap tires accumulate in dumps, posing hazards such as disease and accidental fires.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Pyrolysis of scrap tires and conversion of chars to activated carbon

1993

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The primary objective of this work was to demonstrate the conversion of scrap tires to activated carbon. We have been successful in this endeavor, producing carbons with surface areas greater than 500 m2/g and significant micropore volumes. Tire shreddings were pyrolyzed in batch reactors, and the pyrolysis chars activated by reaction with superheated steam. Solid products of pyrolysis and activation were studied with nitrogen adsorption techniques. We find that the porosity development during steam activation of tire pyrolysis char is similar to that reported for various other chars. A maximum in micropore volume is observed as a function of conversion, but the total surface area increases monotonically with conversion. We suggest that the activation process consists of micropore formation, followed by pore enlargement. The process conditions used in this study are a good starting point from which to optimize a process to convert tires to activated carbon. IntroductionScrap tires are a major environmental problem. An estimated 2.5 x lo9 kg of scrap tires are generated each year in North America (Williams et al., 1990). The conventional method of reusing waste rubber is to convert it into rubber reclaim, which is suitable for mixing with virgin rubber compounding materials. However, rubber reclaim generated from scrap tires does not have suitable properties for use in tire manufacture and must be used for low-value rubber goods (Makarov and Drozdovski, 1991). Moreover, production with rubber reclaim can be more costly than production with virgin raw materials (Crane and Kay, 1975). As a result, the majority of scrap tires accumulate in dumps, posing hazards such as disease and accidental fires.Tires contain carbon-black-reinforced rubber, and both inorganic and organic belt materials. The rubber component may be natural rubber, but styrene-butadiene (about 25% styrene) copolymer rubber (SBR) is more common. A typical tire compounding composition contains 62 wt. Vo SBR, 31 wt. % carbon black, and small amounts of other materials including extender oils, sulfur, zinc oxide, and stearic acid. Carbon black is used to reinforce the rubber. The rubber is cross-linked by vulcanization, which involves reactions with sulfur. Small amounts of zinc oxide and stearic acid are added to control Correspondence concerning this article should be addressed to M. A. Petrich. the vulcanization process and enhance the properties of the final products (Studebaker and Beatty, 1978).The potential value of reusing the polymeric base of old tires has received considerable attention. Alternatives include production of goods with reclaim, use of ground rubber as construction filler, and degradation to basic raw materials by pyrolysis (Makarov and Drozdovski, 1991). Filler and reclaim applications have relatively small economic potential. Incineration of tires may be an effective means of waste volume reduction, but incineration does not recover much of the intrinsic value of the materials in the tire (Williams et al., 1990). The hydrocarbon...

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confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pyrolysis of scrap tires and conversion of chars to activated carbon

1993

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“…Crane and Kay (11) have reported that scrap rubber vulcanizates could be depolymerized to a product known as "Depolymerized Scrap Rubber" (DSR), which should be useful, particularly as a rubber compounding ingredient and as a fuel-oil extender.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cure Characteristics and Mechanical Properties of Natural Rubber/Reclaimed Rubber Blends

Sreeja

Kutty

2000

Polymer-Plastics Technology and Engineering

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Cure characteristics and mechanical properties of natural rubber/reclaimed rubber blends were studied. The minimum torque values of the blends were lower than that of the gum compound. The (maximum-minimum torque) and scorch time decreased with increasing reclaim content. The cure rate of the blends were lower than that of the virgin compounds. The tear strength was improved by the addition of reclaimed rubber. Tensile strength, elongation at break, and resilience decreased with increasing reclaim loading. The heat buildup was higher for the blends.

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“…Several workers have explored these possibilities. [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14] Kim and Burford studied the utilization of waste tires in polar and nonpolar rubbers. [15] When WTR is used with a polar matrix such as chloroprene rubber, the compatibility has to be taken into account.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Silane Coupling Agent on Cure Characteristics and Mechanical Properties of Chloroprene Rubber/Reclaimed Rubber Blend

Nelson

Kutty

2004

Polymer-Plastics Technology and Engineering

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Chloroprene rubber was blended with whole tire reclaimed rubber (WTR) in presence of different levels of a coupling agent Si69 [bis-(3-(triethoxysilyl)propyl)tetrasulfide] and the cure characteristics and mechanical properties were studied. The rate and state of cure were also affected by the coupling agent. While the cure time was increased, the cure rate and scorch time were decreased with increasing silane content. Tensile strength, tear strength, and abrasion resistance were improved in the presence of coupling agent. Compression set and resilience were adversely affected in presence of silane-coupling agent. ORDER REPRINTSAging studies showed that the blends containing the coupling agent were inferior to the unmodified blends.

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Scrap Tire Disposal Process

Cited by 26 publications

References 0 publications

Pyrolysis of scrap tires and conversion of chars to activated carbon

Pyrolysis of scrap tires and conversion of chars to activated carbon

Cure Characteristics and Mechanical Properties of Natural Rubber/Reclaimed Rubber Blends

Effect of Silane Coupling Agent on Cure Characteristics and Mechanical Properties of Chloroprene Rubber/Reclaimed Rubber Blend

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