Tea‐polyphenols mediated interfacial modifier to integrate reinforcement, reprocessability, and shape memory properties into rubber/carbon black composites via coordination bonds

Abstract

Carbon blacks are important fillers to reinforce, functionalize rubber materials and reduce their prices. However, environment-friendly surface modification of carbon blacks is not trivial to conduct, yet challenging to effectively sever broad rubber galleries. Inspired by wet adhesion of mussel, tea polyphenols (TPs) are coated on carbon blacks by vacuum absorption method (i.e., TP@C) and then they are mixed into nitrile butadiene rubber with ZnCl 2 . Specially, Zn 2+ /TP@C coordination interfaces are formed together with crosslinking structures of Zn 2+ -CN of NBR after hot pressing. As a sequence, the rubber composites achieve superior strength and modulus reinforcement owing to strong interface interactions and good dispersion of TP@Cs. Reversible coordination crosslinking network and TP@C network topology can be rearranged at elevated temperatures, endowing the composite good plasticity and reprocessablity. Furthermore, the composites possess stable shape memory properties for five cycles and good plasticity based shape memory ability, showing great advantages in application potential of smart material fields.

Biobased Inverse Vulcanized Polymer from Magnolol as a Multifunctional Ingredient for Carbon-Black-Reinforced Rubber Composites

“…The increase in BRC is mainly attributed to the following factors. On the one hand, the hydroxyl moieties of PSM can interact with the oxygenic groups on the CB surface through the formation of hydrogen and covalent bonds . On the other hand, the polysulfide segments of PSM can cleave into thiyl radicals, which subsequently react with the rubber chains and the polycondensed aromatic on the CB surface.…”

“…On the one hand, the hydroxyl moieties of PSM can interact with the oxygenic groups on the CB surface through the formation of hydrogen and covalent bonds. 37 On the other hand, the polysulfide segments of PSM can cleave into thiyl radicals, which subsequently react with the rubber chains and the polycondensed aromatic on the CB surface. Thus, the molecular bridge between the SSBR matrix and CB is established by the dual functions of PSM, thereby making the SSBR adsorb CB more easily (Scheme 2).…”

“…It is noted that the biphenyl moieties could form a highly pyrolysis-resistant carbonaceous material during combustion, thereby providing a great opportunity for producing magnolol-based polysulfide with high flame resistance to address the issue of potential flammability of inverse vulcanized materials. Moreover, given the presence of polysulfide segments and strong affinity of phenol groups with CB, , the magnolol-based inverse vulcanized polymer could serve as both a vulcanizing agent and an interfacial modifier for CB/rubber composites. Additionally, since the biphenol group in magnolol has a similar structure with hindered phenol, which is a widely used effective antioxidant for polymer materials, the incorporation of magnolol-based material could improve the antioxidant performance of rubber composites.…”

Tea Grounds as a Waste Biofiller for Natural Rubber

“…Thus, in recent years, there has been a significant increase in interest in the use of tea as an innovative ecological and sustainable ingredient in polymer composites. Previous research shows that teas can be used as antioxidants [4,5], strengthening additives [6] and fillers in polymers [7][8][9]. This variety of applications opens the way to create innovative materials with increased functionality and ecological properties.…”

A unique coupling agent for elastomer nanocomposites with better carbon black dispersion for higher abrasion resistance and lower rolling resistance

“…At the beginning of the last century, scientists found that adding carbon black (CB) could significantly improve the performance of rubber, 1,2 which promoted the application of carbon black in the rubber industry. [3][4][5][6][7] Nowadays, carbon black has become the most used reinforcing agent in the rubber industry. [8][9][10][11] In 2021, the global production of carbon black was 14.05 million tons, 90% of which was used in the rubber industry.…”