<scp>TCP</scp> transcription factors are critical for the coordinated regulation of <i><scp>ISOCHORISMATE SYNTHASE</scp> 1</i> expression in <i>Arabidopsis thaliana</i>

Wang, Xiaoyan; Gao, Jiong; Zhu, Zheng; Dong, Xianxin; Wang, Xiaolei; Ren, Guodong; Zhou, Xin; Benke, Kálmán

doi:10.1111/tpj.12803

Cited by 115 publications

(103 citation statements)

References 71 publications

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“…The ICS1 promoter contains only one known cis-element for TCP; therefore, it is possible that CHE and other TCPs, such as TCP8 and TCP9 identified by Wang et al (20), compete for this binding site. At the local infection site, TCP8/9 may have a stronger binding affinity to the ICS1 promoter than CHE, whereas in the systemic tissue, CHE plays a predominant role.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Spatial and temporal regulation of biosynthesis of the plant immune signal salicylic acid

Zheng

Zhou

Yoo

et al. 2015

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

185

157

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The plant hormone salicylic acid (SA) is essential for local defense and systemic acquired resistance (SAR). When plants, such as Arabidopsis, are challenged by different pathogens, an increase in SA biosynthesis generally occurs through transcriptional induction of the key synthetic enzyme isochorismate synthase 1 (ICS1). However, the regulatory mechanism for this induction is poorly understood. Using a yeast one-hybrid screen, we identified two transcription factors (TFs), NTM1-LIKE 9 (NTL9) and CCA1 HIKING EXPEDITION (CHE), as activators of ICS1 during specific immune responses. NTL9 is essential for inducing ICS1 and two other SA synthesis-related genes, PHYTOALEXIN-DEFICIENT 4 (PAD4) and ENHANCED DISEASE SUSCEPTIBILITY 1 (EDS1), in guard cells that form stomata. Stomata can quickly close upon challenge to block pathogen entry. This stomatal immunity requires ICS1 and the SA signaling pathway. In the ntl9 mutant, this response is defective and can be rescued by exogenous application of SA, indicating that NTL9-mediated SA synthesis is essential for stomatal immunity. CHE, the second identified TF, is a central circadian clock oscillator and is required not only for the daily oscillation in SA levels but also for the pathogen-induced SA synthesis in systemic tissues during SAR. CHE may also regulate ICS1 through the known transcription activators CALMODULIN BINDING PROTEIN 60g (CBP60g) and SYSTEMIC ACQUIRED RESISTANCE DEFICIENT 1 (SARD1) because induction of these TF genes is compromised in the che-2 mutant. Our study shows that SA biosynthesis is regulated by multiple TFs in a spatial and temporal manner and therefore fills a gap in the signal transduction pathway between pathogen recognition and SA production.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…(CALMODULIN BINDING PROTEIN 60g), and TCP (TEOSINTE BRANCHED1, CYCLOIDEA, and PCF) family TFs TCP8 and TCP9 have been identified as positive regulators required for ICS1 induction and SA accumulation upon pathogen infection (18,20,21).…”

Section: Significancementioning

confidence: 99%

Spatial and temporal regulation of biosynthesis of the plant immune signal salicylic acid

Zheng

Zhou

Yoo

et al. 2015

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

185

157

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Plants generally maintain hormone homeostasis by fine-tuning the balance between the biosynthesis and catabolism of the hormone. ICS1 and ICS2 are two key genes in the SA biosynthesis pathway that are regulated by multiple factors, such as pathogen infections, ethylene signaling, and circadian rhythms (Chen et al, 2009;Wang et al, 2015;Zheng et al, 2015). Although a small amount of SA produced in planta remains in a free state, most SA is subjected to biologically relevant chemical modifications by different enzymes after synthesis (Dempsey et al, 2011).…”

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confidence: 99%

S5H/DMR6 Encodes a Salicylic Acid 5-Hydroxylase That Fine-Tunes Salicylic Acid Homeostasis

et al. 2017

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The phytohormone salicylic acid (SA) plays essential roles in biotic and abiotic responses, plant development, and leaf senescence. 2,5-Dihydroxybenzoic acid (2,5-DHBA or gentisic acid) is one of the most commonly occurring aromatic acids in green plants and is assumed to be generated from SA, but the enzymes involved in its production remain obscure. DMR6 (Downy Mildew Resistant6; At5g24530) has been proven essential in plant immunity of Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana), but its biochemical properties are not well understood. Here, we report the discovery and functional characterization of DMR6 as a salicylic acid 5-hydroxylase (S5H) that catalyzes the formation of 2,5-DHBA by hydroxylating SA at the C5 position of its phenyl ring in Arabidopsis. S5H/DMR6 specifically converts SA to 2,5-DHBA in vitro and displays higher catalytic efficiency (K cat /K m = 4. ) for SA. Interestingly, S5H/DMR6 displays a substrate inhibition property that may enable automatic control of its enzyme activities. The s5h mutant and s5hs3h double mutant overaccumulate SA and display phenotypes such as a smaller growth size, early senescence, and a loss of susceptibility to Pseudomonas syringae pv tomato DC3000. S5H/DMR6 is sensitively induced by SA/pathogen treatment and is expressed widely from young seedlings to senescing plants, whereas S3H is more specifically expressed at the mature and senescing stages. Collectively, our results disclose the identity of the enzyme required for 2,5-DHBA formation and reveal a mechanism by which plants fine-tune SA homeostasis by mediating SA 5-hydroxylation.

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“…As the key speed limiting enzyme in the biosynthesis of SA, Isochorismate synthase 1 (ICS1) was regulated by AtTCP8 [82]. TCP8 showed positive regulation on the expression of ICS1 when interacting with the WRKY family [82]. Moreover, in this interaction network, pf-miR2628 plays a key role in regulating the expression of WRKY4 (whose function was directly improved plant defense).…”

Section: Regulation Of Plant Defense Systems By Der-target Genes Pairsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Regulation Of Plant Defense Systems By Der-target Genes Pairsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Transcriptome and Small RNA Sequencing Analysis Revealed Roles of PaWB-Related miRNAs and Genes in Paulownia fortunei

Zhai

Cao

et al. 2018

Forests

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Paulownia witches' broom (PaWB) is an epidemic disease caused by phytoplasmas infection, which is responsible for large production and economic losses. The study of PaWB has made significant progress, but the specific molecular mechanisms associated with PaWB remain unclear. To clearly know the gene expression profiles of plantlets infected with phytoplasmas, in this study, we used high-throughput sequencing technology to generate an integrated analysis of the transcriptome and microRNAs (miRNAs) of Paulownia fortunei (seem.) Hemsl. plantlets, and to obtain a comprehensive resource for the relationship between vital miRNA-target gene pairs and PaWB. A total of 756 genes, and 45 conserved and 22 new miRNAs were identified associated with PaWB. In addition, 635 target genes were predicted for the 67 DERs (Differentially expressed miRNAs). An interaction network of these miRNAs and their target genes was constructed. Gene ontology (GO) and KEGG pathway analysis of these target genes indicated that genes encoding transcription factors (TFs), including auxin response factors (ARF), WRKY, NAC (NAM, ATAF1/2 and CUC2), and MYB (v-myb avian myeloblastosis viral oncogene homolog), and genes encoding superoxide dismutase (SOD), as well as alternative splicing were related directly or indirectly to PaWB. Our results shed light on the possible roles of genes and miRNAs in PaWB-infected plantlets, which will enhance the understanding of the PaWB mechanism in Paulownia plants.

show abstract

TCP transcription factors are critical for the coordinated regulation of ISOCHORISMATE SYNTHASE 1 expression in Arabidopsis thaliana

Cited by 115 publications

References 71 publications

Spatial and temporal regulation of biosynthesis of the plant immune signal salicylic acid

Spatial and temporal regulation of biosynthesis of the plant immune signal salicylic acid

S5H/DMR6 Encodes a Salicylic Acid 5-Hydroxylase That Fine-Tunes Salicylic Acid Homeostasis

Transcriptome and Small RNA Sequencing Analysis Revealed Roles of PaWB-Related miRNAs and Genes in Paulownia fortunei

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