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            7 Bacteriophages

Molineux, Ian J.

doi:10.1002/047120918x.emb1510

Cited by 22 publications

(38 citation statements)

References 67 publications

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“…The wild-type T7 (T7 ϩ ) bacteriophage (GenBank AY264774) has a 40-kb dsDNA genome encoding around 60 proteins and infects several strains of Escherichia coli (Molineux 1999). Derivatives of three E. coli strains were used as hosts here: C, B, and K12.…”

Section: Phage Lines and Cell Strainsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Optimal Foraging by Bacteriophages through Host Avoidance

Heineman¹,

Springman²,

Bull³

2008

The American Naturalist

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Section: Phage Lines and Cell Strainsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…All three strains are infected by T7 ϩ . Yet these strains are known to differ in their lipopolysaccharide (Wright et al 1980), surface molecules that serve as the receptors for T7 (Molineux 1999). They are thus plausible candidates for the evolution of discrimination by T7.…”

Section: Phage Lines and Cell Strainsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Optimal Foraging by Bacteriophages through Host Avoidance

Heineman¹,

Springman²,

Bull³

2008

The American Naturalist

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“…The validity of this method was assessed by restriction mapping, which has already been adopted successfully for determination of genome ends (Liu et al, 2007). As shown in Table 1, terminal repeats were commonly identified in cyanobacterial podovirus genomes, and might be conducive to forming linear concatemers for efficient genome replication (Molineux, 2005;Sabehi and Lindell, 2012). However, the repeats in A-4L are much longer than those in other cyanobacterial podoviruses, and perhaps they may play other roles in the virus life cycle.…”

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confidence: 99%

Unraveling the genome structure of cyanobacterial podovirus A-4L with long direct terminal repeats

Liao

Gao

et al. 2015

Virus Research

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“…acteriophage T7 is an obligate lytic Escherichia coli phage that has been extensively studied for more than 60 years (1). T7 RNA polymerase, the only RNA polymerase (gp1) in the T7 genome, is one of the best-characterized RNA polymerases, and its transcription mechanisms have been studied in detail (2)(3)(4)(5)(6).…”

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confidence: 99%

“…All three phases have been well studied at molecular levels (1). The E. coli receptor for phage T7 is lipopolysaccharide on the surface, which binds to the C-terminal end of T7 tail fiber protein (gp17).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Lysis Delay and Burst Shrinkage of Coliphage T7 by Deletion of Terminator Tφ Reversed by Deletion of Early Genes

Nguyen

Kang

2014

J Virol

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Bacteriophage T7 terminator T is a class I intrinsic terminator coding for an RNA hairpin structure immediately followed by oligo(U), which has been extensively studied in terms of its transcription termination mechanism, but little is known about its physiological or regulatory functions. In this study, using a T7 mutant phage, where a 31-bp segment of T was deleted from the genome, we discovered that deletion of T from T7 reduces the phage burst size but delays lysis timing, both of which are disadvantageous for the phage. The burst downsizing could directly result from T deletion-caused upregulation of gene 17.5, coding for holin, among other T downstream genes, because infection of gp17.5-overproducing Escherichia coli by wild-type T7 phage showed similar burst downsizing. However, the lysis delay was not associated with cellular levels of holin or lysozyme or with rates of phage adsorption. Instead, when allowed to evolve spontaneously in five independent adaptation experiments, the Tlacking mutant phage, after 27 or 29 passages, recovered both burst size and lysis time reproducibly by deleting early genes 0.5, 0.6, and 0.7 of class I, among other mutations. Deletion of genes 0.5 to 0.7 from the T-lacking mutant phage decreased expression of several T downstream genes to levels similar to that of the wild-type phage. Accordingly, phage T7 lysis timing is associated with cellular levels of T downstream gene products. This suggests the involvement of unknown factor(s) besides the known lysis proteins, lysozyme and holin, and that T plays a role of optimizing burst size and lysis time during T7 infection. IMPORTANCEBacteriophages are bacterium-infecting viruses. After producing numerous progenies inside bacteria, phages lyse bacteria using their lysis protein(s) to get out and start a new infection cycle. Normally, lysis is tightly controlled to ensure phage progenies are maximally produced and released at an optimal time. Here, we have discovered that phage T7, besides employing its known lysis proteins, additionally uses its transcription terminator T to guarantee the optimal lysis of the E. coli host. T, positioned in the middle of the T7 genome, must be inactivated at least partially to allow for transcription-driven translocation of T7 DNA into hosts and expression of T downstream but promoter-lacking genes. What role is played by T before inactivation? Without T, not only was lysis time delayed but also the number of progenies was reduced in this study. Furthermore, T7 can overcome T deletion by further deleting some genes, highlighting that a phage has multiple strategies for optimizing lysis. Bacteriophage T7 is an obligate lytic Escherichia coli phage that has been extensively studied for more than 60 years (1). T7 RNA polymerase, the only RNA polymerase (gp1) in the T7 genome, is one of the best-characterized RNA polymerases, and its transcription mechanisms have been studied in detail (2-6). In the T7 genome, an intrinsic termination signal for T7 RNA polymerase, terminator T, is positioned ...

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T 7 Bacteriophages

Cited by 22 publications

References 67 publications

Optimal Foraging by Bacteriophages through Host Avoidance

Optimal Foraging by Bacteriophages through Host Avoidance

Unraveling the genome structure of cyanobacterial podovirus A-4L with long direct terminal repeats

Lysis Delay and Burst Shrinkage of Coliphage T7 by Deletion of Terminator Tφ Reversed by Deletion of Early Genes

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