<scp>SxsA</scp>, a novel surface protein mediating cell aggregation and adhesive biofilm formation of <i>Staphylococcus xylosus</i>

Schiffer, Carolin J.; Schaudinn, Christoph; Ehrmann, Matthias A.; Vogel, Rudi F.

doi:10.1111/mmi.14884

Cited by 5 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 77 publications

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“…In this process, the accumulation of polysaccharide intercellular adhesin (Pia) and adhesive proteins, such as accumulation-associated protein (Aap) and biofilm-associated protein (Bap), will aid protection against the host immune system facilitating virulence. This mechanism also promotes protection from antibiotic attack, further enhanced the development of resistance to antibiotics, which contributes to the survival of these strains and the severity of infection [ 14 , 32 , 33 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Emerging vancomycin-non susceptible coagulase negative Staphylococci associated with skin and soft tissue infections

Akinduti

Obafemi

Ugboko

et al. 2022

Ann Clin Microbiol Antimicrob

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Backgrounds Observable emergence of Vancomycin-Non susceptible Coagulase-negative Staphylococci (VNS-CoNS) associated with skin and soft tissue infections spreading among the urban and rural populace is gradually intensifying severe complications. The isolated VNS-CoNS were evaluated with Matrix-assisted Laser Desorption/ionization Time of Flight Mass Spectrometry (MALDI ToF MS) for species characterization and pan-antimicrobial resistance pattern. Methods Out of 256 clinical samples collected including pus, abscess, ear swabs, eye swabs, and aspirates, 91 CoNS isolates were biotyped and further characterized with MALDI-TOF MS. Staphylococci marker genes, Vancomycin susceptibility, and biofilm assays were performed. Results Of 91 CoNS isolates, S.cohnii (2.3%), S.condimentii (3.4%), S. saprophyticus (6.7%), and S.scuri (21.1%) were characterized with MALDI-TOF with significant detection rate (99.4%; CI 95, 0.775–0.997, positive predictive values, 90.2%) compared to lower biotyping detection rate (p = 0.001). Hemolytic VNS-CoNS lacked nuc, pvl and spa genes from wound, ear, and aspirates of more 0.83 MARI clustered into a separate phylo-diverse group and were widely distributed in urban and peri-urban locations. MALDI TOF–MS yielded a high discriminatory potential of AUC-ROC score of 0.963 with true-positivity prediction. VNS-CoNS of MIC ≥ 16 µg/mL were observed among all the ages with significant resistance at 25th and 75th quartiles. More than 10.5% of CoNS expressed multi-antibiotic resistance with more than 8 µg/mL vancomycin cut-off values (p < 0.05). Conclusion Antibiotic resistant CoNS should be considered significant pathogens rather than contaminant. Biofilm producing VNS-S. sciuri and S. condimentii are potential strains with high pathological tropism for skin, soft tissues and wound infections, and these strains require urgent surveillance in peri-urban and rural communities.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Emerging vancomycin-non susceptible coagulase negative Staphylococci associated with skin and soft tissue infections

Akinduti

Obafemi

Ugboko

et al. 2022

Ann Clin Microbiol Antimicrob

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“…Interestingly, S. xylosus can be recovered at high frequencies two weeks after topical application onto the ears of C57BL/6 mice, which is in contrast to other staphylococcal species, such as S. aureus [287], suggesting that S. xylosus may express determinants that better allow it to survive on or adhere to murine skin. Two genome-encoded biofilm genes, bap and sxsA (a novel virulence factor), were recently identified in S. xylosus isolates from raw fermented sausages [182,288]. It was shown that only SxsA had a major importance in the biofilm formation of S. xylosus in vitro.…”

Section: Staphylococcal Infections In Micementioning

confidence: 99%

Virulence Mechanisms of Staphylococcal Animal Pathogens

Cheung,

Otto

2023

IJMS

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Staphylococci are major causes of infections in mammals. Mammals are colonized by diverse staphylococcal species, often with moderate to strong host specificity, and colonization is a common source of infection. Staphylococcal infections of animals not only are of major importance for animal well-being but have considerable economic consequences, such as in the case of staphylococcal mastitis, which costs billions of dollars annually. Furthermore, pet animals can be temporary carriers of strains infectious to humans. Moreover, antimicrobial resistance is a great concern in livestock infections, as there is considerable antibiotic overuse, and resistant strains can be transferred to humans. With the number of working antibiotics continuously becoming smaller due to the concomitant spread of resistant strains, alternative approaches, such as anti-virulence, are increasingly being investigated to treat staphylococcal infections. For this, understanding the virulence mechanisms of animal staphylococcal pathogens is crucial. While many virulence factors have similar functions in humans as animals, there are increasingly frequent reports of host-specific virulence factors and mechanisms. Furthermore, we are only beginning to understand virulence mechanisms in animal-specific staphylococcal pathogens. This review gives an overview of animal infections caused by staphylococci and our knowledge about the virulence mechanisms involved.

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“…Numerous studies have demonstrated the correlation between the expression of these genes and the virulence of XDR strains (16). The biofilm-associated protein (Bap), encoded by the bap gene, is a high molecular weight surface protein that contains tandem repeats of domains involved in intercellular adhesion on bacterial cell surfaces (17). It is also associated with biofilm thickness and antibiotic resistance (18)(19)(20).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Expression of Biofilm-Related Genes in Extensively Drug-Resistant Acinetobacter baumannii

Khosravy,

Hosseini,

Razavi

et al. 2023

Jundishapur J Microbiol

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Background: Acinetobacter baumannii is an important cause of nosocomial pneumonia in patients requiring long-term mechanical ventilation. Besides, extensively drug-resistant (XDR) strains cause infection in intensive care unit (ICU) patients. Chronic infections of A. baumannii and antimicrobial resistance are associated with biofilm formation. Several virulence genes, such as blaPER-1, pgaA, and bap, are involved in biofilm formation. Objectives: The current study examines the expression levels of biofilm formation-related genes in pneumonia patients. Methods: The sputum samples were collected from patients hospitalized in the ICU, and A. baumannii ATCC 19606, the reference strain, was isolated and cultured on blood agar, eosin methylene blue agar, and chocolate agar medium. The media were then incubated at 37°C for 18 - 24 hours. Next, Gram-Thirty XDR A. baumannii isolates were collected from the sputum samples of ICU patients at Besat Hospital in Tehran, Iran. Bacterial isolates were characterized for antibiotic resistance patterns and biofilm-forming ability. Subsequently, RNA was extracted from the biofilm-forming isolates. A real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assay was performed to evaluate the expression levels of the blaPER-1, pgaA, and bap genes. Transcripts were normalized to 16S rRNA as an internal control, and gene expression fold changes were calculated. Statistical analysis was performed using an unpaired two-tailed t-test (P < 0.05) with SPSS (V. 16). Results: The disk diffusion susceptibility test revealed that all 30 (100%) isolates were resistant to piperacillin-tazobactam, cefepime, ceftriaxone, ceftazidime, gentamicin, imipenem, meropenem, levofloxacin, and ciprofloxacin. All 30 isolates from ICU-admitted patients (100%) were classified as XDR, and 27 (90%) isolates demonstrated the ability to form biofilms. The obtained results indicated a significant difference in gene expression levels. The fold change in expression for blaPER-1, bap, and pgaA was 7.473, 11.964, and 5.277, respectively. Conclusions: In our study, XDR A. baumannii primarily caused ventilator-associated pneumonia, and an observed increase in the expression of biofilm-related genes was noted in these strains. Healthcare centers should implement appropriate infection control programs to manage nosocomial infections, particularly in the ICU.

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SxsA, a novel surface protein mediating cell aggregation and adhesive biofilm formation of Staphylococcus xylosus

Cited by 5 publications

References 77 publications

Emerging vancomycin-non susceptible coagulase negative Staphylococci associated with skin and soft tissue infections

Emerging vancomycin-non susceptible coagulase negative Staphylococci associated with skin and soft tissue infections

Virulence Mechanisms of Staphylococcal Animal Pathogens

Expression of Biofilm-Related Genes in Extensively Drug-Resistant Acinetobacter baumannii

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