organized labour and the ndp / 79Canada, for much of the early 20th century Gomperism very much steered craft union approaches to electoral politics. 3 Narrowly concerned with securing the best possible economic deal for workers, Gomperism, often referred to as business unionism, is named for Samuel Gompers, the founding president of the American Federation of Labor. While Gompers conceded that capitalists and workers did have some conflicting interests, he was well known for his political pragmatism, rejecting outright suggestions that the capitalist system needed to be replaced or that workers needed an independent labour party to promote their interests more effectively. 4 In the realm of electoral politics, Gompers argued that labour could strengthen its economic clout in the workplace by employing a strategy of rewarding friends and punishing enemies. 5 In the words of Stephanie Ross, "business unionists will mobilize their members to support politicians with a labour-friendly record but will work to shift that support if those politicians do not deliver for labour." 6 Generally, Gomperist political strategy is geared toward the narrow interests of a specific group of union members rather than issues of wealth redistribution or justice with broader implications for the working class as a whole. 7 The most widely embraced alternative to business unionist approaches to labour politics in the early to mid-20th century was socialism. While socialist thought and action took various competing and complementary forms, its most prominent electoral expression was undoubtedly the ccf. Created in the midst of the Great Depression by socialists, farmers, labour groups, and social reformers to challenge the capitalist economic orthodoxy of the Liberals and Conservatives, the ccf competed with the Communist Party to carry the mantle of working-class politics and managed to secure significant support from industrial unions. 8 In its first decade, the ccf managed to make inroads in British Columbia, Saskatchewan, and Manitoba, both federally and provincially, and would eventually emerge as the dominant electoral force on the left.From its earliest days, ccf activists debated the pros and cons of formal labour affiliation to the party. Some worried that mass affiliation would water 3.