Redox‐Active Porous Organic Polymers for Energy Storage

Abstract

This review introduces synthesis and energy storage applications of recent redox-active porous organic polymer (POP) materials. First, various redox-active molecular systems were summarized and then, synthetic examples of redox-active POP bearing the redox-active molecular moieties were described. Various synthetic strategies based on diverse coupling reactions of building blocks were described. In addition, postsynthetic modification strategies for the preparation of redox-active POP were described. Second, structures and electrochemical features of battery and pseudocapacitor devices were introduced. Then, electrochemical performance of various redox-active POP materials was summarized and described. Finally, merits and weak points of redox-active POPs as electrode materials were discussed and future research direction was suggested.

Reverse electrodialysis for emerging applications

“…However, research on the nonsolid-state power source still remains insufficient, and inevitably induces electronic-biosystem contact. While conventional electrical batteries supply electrical energy by driving electron movement, [47][48][49][50] they cannot be directly applied to ionic systems due to them functioning in completely separate media thus unable to directly communicate with each other. By the way, RED, electrodeless ionic power source as a biocompatible and biodegradable material, enable to communicate with biological system, then shed light on futuristic biological and clinical implant system.…”

Cu Nanowire@Microporous Organic Polymer with Hydroquinones: Pseudocapacitive Materials with High Rate Performance

“…In this regard, recently, MOPs bearing redox-active carbazole, triphenylamine, 1,4-dicarbonylbenzene, ferrocene, phenazine, oxadiazoles, etc. have been prepared for the engineering of pseudocapacitors (Table S1 in the SI). ,,− In addition, the chemical conversion between hydroquinones and benzoquinones is one of the representative organic redox systems in the engineering of redox-active MOP materials …”

“…1−3 For example, it has been demonstrated that the MOPs are highly promising as electrical energy storage materials, due to high surface areas, porosity, stability, and chemical tunability. 2,3 As human society continues to be modernized, the utilization of electrical energy is diversified. In this regard, electrical energy storage is becoming an increasingly important issue.…”

“…Microporous organic polymers (MOPs) are versatile materials for various applications such as adsorbents, catalysis, and biomedical therapy . In addition, MOPs have been recently applied to various energy issues. − For example, it has been demonstrated that the MOPs are highly promising as electrical energy storage materials, due to high surface areas, porosity, stability, and chemical tunability. , …”

“…In general, MOPs can be prepared through the networking of organic building blocks. − While various transition metal-catalyzed coupling reactions have been used for the preparation of MOPs, the Huisgen azide–alkyne 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition, the so-called click reaction, is also very useful in the synthesis of functional polymers . Recently, various MOPs have been reported by the click reaction of multiethynylarenes and multiazidoarenes. , It is known that various Cu­(I) species can catalyze the azide–alkyne 1,3-dipolar click reaction .…”