<scp>RAFT</scp>
            ‐Functional End Groups: Installation and Transformation

Lowe, Andrew B.; Dallerba, Elena

doi:10.1002/9783527821358.ch16

Cited by 5 publications

(5 citation statements)

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“…The ZC(=S)S group is rather convenient for further modifications, e.g., reactions with nucleophiles resulting in thiol formation ( a ), thermolysis or radical-induced oxidation providing C=C bond formation at the chain end ( b ), addition–fragmentation coupling with the radical initiator ( c ), etc. ( Scheme 12 ) [ 45 , 46 , 47 ]. Some products of the above reactions may be considered as precursors for click reactions.…”

Section: Zc(=s)s Group Modification Approachmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…RAFT-based polymers are a versatile source of macromolecules with chain-end thiols, which are suitable for various thiol–X click reactions (X = -ene, -yne, Hal, etc.) and for further modification of chain-end functionality ( Scheme 13 ) [ 41 , 42 , 43 , 44 , 45 , 46 , 47 ].…”

Section: Zc(=s)s Group Modification Approachmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The thermolysis of RAFT-based polymers helps to remove the ZC(=S) group and produce polymers with the C=C end group (except xanthates, see 3.1) [ 41 , 42 , 43 , 44 , 45 , 46 , 47 ]. Thermal stability of RAFT-based polymers, mechanism of thermolysis, and purity of the product depend on the nature of the terminal monomer unit and thiocarbonylthio species [ 165 , 166 , 167 , 168 , 169 , 170 , 171 , 172 , 173 , 174 , 175 , 176 , 177 , 178 ].…”

Section: Zc(=s)s Group Modification Approachmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Nowadays, hundreds of RAFT agents with various types of R and Z groups have been described and applied to the controlled synthesis of (co)polymers [ 41 , 42 , 43 , 44 ]. Besides, the approaches for quantitative modification of the thiocarbonylthio group, resulting in its conversion into –SH, –CH=CXY, –CH 2 –CHXY, –R′ (product of the free radical initiator decomposition), –O–NR 1 R 2 , etc., have been developed [ 45 , 46 , 47 ]. Thus, one can readily synthesize a polymer with a given type of end groups, which may be converted to other functional groups on demand.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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RAFT-Based Polymers for Click Reactions

Черникова

Kudryavtsev

2022

Polymers

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The parallel development of reversible deactivation radical polymerization and click reaction concepts significantly enriches the toolbox of synthetic polymer chemistry. The synergistic effect of combining these approaches manifests itself in a growth of interest to the design of well-defined functional polymers and their controlled conjugation with biomolecules, drugs, and inorganic surfaces. In this review, we discuss the results obtained with reversible addition–fragmentation chain transfer (RAFT) polymerization and different types of click reactions on low- and high-molar-mass reactants. Our classification of literature sources is based on the typical structure of macromolecules produced by the RAFT technique. The review addresses click reactions, immediate or preceded by a modification of another type, on the leaving and stabilizing groups inherited by a growing macromolecule from the chain transfer agent, as well as on the side groups coming from monomers entering the polymerization process. Architecture and self-assembling properties of the resulting polymers are briefly discussed with regard to their potential functional applications, which include drug delivery, protein recognition, anti-fouling and anti-corrosion coatings, the compatibilization of polymer blends, the modification of fillers to increase their dispersibility in polymer matrices, etc.

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Section: Zc(=s)s Group Modification Approachmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Zc(=s)s Group Modification Approachmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Zc(=s)s Group Modification Approachmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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RAFT-Based Polymers for Click Reactions

Черникова

Kudryavtsev

2022

Polymers

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“…For ATRP, the advent of ARGET ATRP , and iron-based ATRP alleviates the challenge of copper removal. For RAFT, a plethora of end-group modification approaches have been reported to impart additional functionality to RAFT polymers and to remove the thiocarbonate functionality. − In the miniaturized synthetic workflows depicted in Figure B–D, hundreds of polymers can be processed in multiwell plates with minimal equipment needs, generating large libraries of homopolymers, statistical copolymers and block copolymers in a simple and economical fashion . However, the intervening purification steps required for the complete removal of deoxygenation aids such as enzymes, metals, and small molecules, are not fully compatible with high-throughput modes of operation .…”

Section: Building Chemically Diverse Polymer Libraries Through Parall...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Materiomically Designed Polymeric Vehicles for Nucleic Acids: Quo Vadis?

Kumar

2022

ACS Appl. Bio Mater.

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Despite rapid advances in molecular biology, particularly in site-specific genome editing technologies, such as CRISPR/Cas9 and base editing, financial and logistical challenges hinder a broad population from accessing and benefiting from gene therapy. To improve the affordability and scalability of gene therapy, we need to deploy chemically defined, economical, and scalable materials, such as synthetic polymers. For polymers to deliver nucleic acids efficaciously to targeted cells, they must optimally combine design attributes, such as architecture, length, composition, spatial distribution of monomers, basicity, hydrophilic−hydrophobic phase balance, or protonation degree. Designing polymeric vectors for specific nucleic acid payloads is a multivariate optimization problem wherein even minuscule deviations from the optimum are poorly tolerated. To explore the multivariate polymer design space rapidly, efficiently, and fruitfully, we must integrate parallelized polymer synthesis, high-throughput biological screening, and statistical modeling. Although materiomics approaches promise to streamline polymeric vector development, several methodological ambiguities must be resolved. For instance, establishing a flexible polymer ontology that accommodates recent synthetic advances, enforcing uniform polymer characterization and data reporting standards, and implementing multiplexed in vitro and in vivo screening studies require considerable planning, coordination, and effort. This contribution will acquaint readers with the challenges associated with materiomics approaches to polymeric gene delivery and offers guidelines for overcoming these challenges. Here, we summarize recent developments in combinatorial polymer synthesis, high-throughput screening of polymeric vectors, omics-based approaches to polymer design, barcoding schemes for pooled in vitro and in vivo screening, and identify materiomics-inspired research directions that will realize the long-unfulfilled clinical potential of polymeric carriers in gene therapy.

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An Industrial History ofRAFTPolymerization

Moad¹

2021

RAFT Polymerization

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RAFT ‐Functional End Groups: Installation and Transformation

Cited by 5 publications

References 281 publications

RAFT-Based Polymers for Click Reactions

RAFT-Based Polymers for Click Reactions

Materiomically Designed Polymeric Vehicles for Nucleic Acids: Quo Vadis?

An Industrial History ofRAFTPolymerization

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