<scp>PP</scp> 1/213 (4) Resistance risk analysis

doi:10.1111/epp.12246

Cited by 21 publications

(10 citation statements)

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“…Appropriate risk management strategies are required if resistance development is likely. Whether the resistance risk is deemed acceptable depends on its likelihood to occur and the possible consequences thereof [78]. In principle, the risk is considered acceptable only if a PPP can be used without any condition or restrictions and no avoidance strategy is required [78].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Whether the resistance risk is deemed acceptable depends on its likelihood to occur and the possible consequences thereof [78]. In principle, the risk is considered acceptable only if a PPP can be used without any condition or restrictions and no avoidance strategy is required [78]. However, management measures can be used to sufficiently reduce the risk of resistance development, such as, e.g.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, management measures can be used to sufficiently reduce the risk of resistance development, such as, e.g. specifications of a good plant protection practice, limiting the number of applications or dose rates and restrictions for the application timing [78]. …”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Limits of Concern: suggestions for the operationalisation of a concept to determine the relevance of adverse effects in the ERA of GMOs

et al. 2018

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BackgroundThe European Food Safety Authority proposed a concept for the environmental risk assessment of genetically modified plants in the EU that is based on the definition of thresholds for the acceptability of potential adverse effects on the environment. This concept, called Limits of Concern (LoC), needs to be further refined to be implemented in the environmental risk assessment of genetically modified organisms.MethodsWe analyse and discuss how LoC can be defined for the environmental risk assessment for three different types of genetically modified plants. We outline protection goals relevant to the genetically modified plants in question and discuss existing concepts and suggestions for acceptability thresholds from the environmental risk assessment of different regulatory areas. We make specific recommendations for the setting and use of LoC for each type of genetically modified plant.ResultsThe LoC concept can be suitably applied for the environmental risk assessment of genetically modified organisms, if the different protection goals in agro-environments are specifically considered. Not only biodiversity protection goals but also agricultural protection goals need to be addressed. The different ecosystem services provided by weeds inside and outside agricultural fields have to be considered for genetically modified herbicide-tolerant crops. Exposure-based LoCs are suggested based on knowledge about dose–effect relationships between maize pollen and non-target Lepidoptera for insect-resistant maize. Due to the long-term nature of biological processes such as spread and establishment, LoCs for genetically modified oilseed rape should be defined for the presence of the genetically modified plant or its genetically modified traits in relevant protection goals.ConclusionsWhen setting LoCs, the focus should be on protection goals which are possibly affected. Potential overlaps of the LoC concept with the ecosystem service concept have to be clarified to harmonise protection levels in the agro-environment for different stressors. If additional impacts on agro-biodiversity resulting from the cultivation of genetically modified plants are to be avoided, then high protection levels and low thresholds for acceptable effects (i.e. LoC) should be set.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Limits of Concern: suggestions for the operationalisation of a concept to determine the relevance of adverse effects in the ERA of GMOs

et al. 2018

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“…This is particularly valuable when the rate of decrease of sensitivity and resistance evolution is rather slow, i.e., when a non-target site resistance mechanism is involved. The European and Mediterranean Plant Protection Organisation [11] defines baseline sensitivity as the mean of the variability of target species sensitivity before the commercial introduction of an active substance. It has also been proven that a weed population is often resistant not only to the main selecting agent, but also to herbicides having the same SoA [12,13], even before they were marketed.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sensitivity Analysis of Alisma plantago-aquatica L., Cyperus difformis L. and Schoenoplectus mucronatus (L.) Palla to Penoxsulam

Loddo

Kudsk

Costa³

et al. 2018

Agronomy

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Determining the intra-specific variability of response to a given herbicide is important for monitoring the possible shifts in the sensitivity of weed populations. This study describes the responses of populations of Alisma plantago-aquatica, Cyperus difformis, and Schoenoplectus mucronatus from Italy, Greece, Portugal, and Spain to penoxsulam, an acetolactate synthase (ALS) inhibitor widely used in rice. To evaluate previously evolved resistance to ALS inhibitors, sensitivity to azimsulfuron and bensulfuron-methyl was assessed. Dose-response experiments with penoxsulam were performed in a greenhouse simulating paddy rice field conditions. Log-logistic dose-response curves were used to estimate the ED50, ED80, ED90 and GR50, GR80, and GR90. To calculate the average ED and GR and assess the intra-specific variability, an artificial resampling method was performed. Populations ALSPA 0364, 0365, 0469, 0470, 0471; SCPMU 0371, 0475, 0267; CYPDI 0013, 0431, 0432, 0433 appeared to be resistant to sulfonylureas, while a higher sensitivity to penoxsulam was observed, while populations ALSPA 0363, CYPDI 0223 and SCPMU 9719 proved to be cross-resistant. Regardless of species, ED90 of susceptible populations were below penoxsulam label dose (40 g ai ha−1) while they reached values higher than 320 g ai ha−1 for resistant populations. Average GR50 were generally lower than ED50. Sensitivity variability among susceptible populations is relatively low, allowing for discrimination between susceptible and resistant populations, and previously evolved resistance to sulfonylureas can influence sensitivity to penoxsulam.

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“…2015; Matyja szczyk i Sobczak 2017a). Liczne dane literaturowe wskazują na to, że zarówno organizm grzybopodobny Phytophthora infestans sprawca zarazy ziemniaka, jak i grzyby z rodzaju Alternaria, sprawcy alternariozy oraz stonka ziemniacza na występują powszechnie oraz często uodparniają się na środki chemiczne (Kapsa 2002;Węgorek 2007;EPPO 2015;Lemańczyk i Lisiecki 2015).…”

Section: Wstęp / Introductionunclassified

Chemical potato protection in Poland and the neighboring countries

2018

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Data regarding the availability of products for potato protection in January 2017 in Poland and the neighboring countries: Czech Republic, Lithuania, Germany, Slovakia are presented and analyzed in this paper. Significant differences among countries have been observed. The highest number of products for potato protection is registered in Czech Republic while the lowest in Lithuania. The number of registered products does not always reflect their diversity. The number of chemical groups of active substances varies depending on the group of product and it is the highest for herbicides and insecticides in Germany while for fungicides in Czech Republic. Regardless of product group, availability of active substances, as well as their groups it is the lowest in Lithuania. Because of tight availability of insecticides in Lithuania there is a concern about the possibility of proper resistance management. Products containing mixture of two active substances constitute about 40% of registered formulations of fungicides, below 20% of insecticides and below 10% of herbicides. Different mixtures are often registered in individual countries. Availability of biological products for potato protection is still low. There are comparatively few products that are registered and they are not available in all countries.

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PP 1/213 (4) Resistance risk analysis

Cited by 21 publications

References 6 publications

Limits of Concern: suggestions for the operationalisation of a concept to determine the relevance of adverse effects in the ERA of GMOs

Limits of Concern: suggestions for the operationalisation of a concept to determine the relevance of adverse effects in the ERA of GMOs

Sensitivity Analysis of Alisma plantago-aquatica L., Cyperus difformis L. and Schoenoplectus mucronatus (L.) Palla to Penoxsulam

Chemical potato protection in Poland and the neighboring countries

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