PCMStorage

Abstract

Since the nineteenth century, a systematic study of heat storage systems through latent heat using phase‐change materials ( PCM s) has been carried out. This article contains the most important and useful information about PCMs, system design and its applications, and advances that PCMs have undertaken today. The information related to the classification of PCM s and what properties must have a material to be considered as a PCM are presented. Owing to the loss by evaporation and to prevent leakage of PCM s, it is necessary to encapsulate it; therefore, a review of the methods of encapsulation is done, emphasizing microencapsulation: chemical, physicochemical and physicomechanical processes, and shape‐stabilized methods. PCM storage systems can be applied to use of latent heat for thermal protection or inertia or to store a big amount of energy in a small temperature range. In this article, depending on the application and the energy and power needs of PCM storage systems, the requirements, design, and methodologies are reviewed. Many applications of PCMs can be found. In this work, a detailed review of various applications such as electronic devices, food and medicine protection, clothing, buildings, and PCM s in concentrated solar power plants and in greenhouses is presented. In addition, implementation of latent heat energy storage in waste heat recovery systems and transportation of energy are mentioned. Few papers with economic evaluation of systems integrating PCM s are reviewed.

Towards higher industrial efficiency in future waste-to-energy plants with high temperature latent heat storage-based thermal buffering technology

“…Phase Change Materials can be categorized either by their family groups, or their melting temperature range. As described in Figure 2 In terms of thermophysical properties, from Figure 2-9, there is a general trend that higher the melting temperature is, higher the latent heat of fusion is [42]. Most organics except for sugar alcohols have comparatively lower latent heat of fusion (< 200 kJ/kg) than those of inorganics.…”

“…For instance, aluminiumsilicon alloy with 88% of aluminium has a high latent heat of fusion around 560 kJ/kg [43]. Some present potential unstable cyclic behaviour such as segregation for salt hydrates, and sometimes high toxicity or chemical instability [42].Salt hydrates also tend to cause corrosion to metal envelops [44].…”

“…LHTES systems can be classified into four types according to design configuration [42]: i) Heat exchanger type, which usually consists of storage tank filled with PCM and internal heat exchanger where the Heat Transfer Fluid (HTF) flows; ii) Direct contact type, in which the HTF is in direct contact with the PCM to eliminating the thermal resistance of the heat exchanger wall (both HTF and PCM are immiscible); iii) Modular type, in which the PCM is macro-encapsulated and located inside of the modules; iv) Slurry type, in which the PCM is microencapsulated and then mixed with HTF to consist of one fluid, thus both transferring and storing the heat. Among all four types of configurations, the heat exchanger type is one of the most commonly practiced configurations found in LHTES applications.…”

“… Interpret design requirements into specifications for material and process  Screen out candidates unable to satisfy the specifications  Rank the remaining materials and processes and identify their potentials  Search for supporting information about the top-ranked candidates Besides the general procedure, it is clearly indicated in literature that software algorithms and codes are demanded to assess PCM choices [42], and examine the match between material properties and application thermal requirements. Ashby's general strategy was adapted into Sensible Thermal Energy Storage (STES) material assessment which employed Multi-Objective Decision Making (MODM) to reach a compromise between conflicting objectives, such as minimizing cost and maximizing storage density [90].…”