PANoptosis: Mechanisms, biology, and role in disease

Abstract

SummaryCell death can be executed through distinct subroutines. PANoptosis is a unique inflammatory cell death modality involving the interactions between pyroptosis, apoptosis, and necroptosis, which can be mediated by multifaceted PANoptosome complexes assembled via integrating components from other cell death modalities. There is growing interest in the process and function of PANoptosis. Accumulating evidence suggests that PANoptosis occurs under diverse stimuli, for example, viral or bacterial infection, cytokine storm, and cancer. Given the impact of PANoptosis across the disease spectrum, this review briefly describes the relationships between pyroptosis, apoptosis, and necroptosis, highlights the key molecules in PANoptosome formation and PANoptosis activation, and outlines the multifaceted roles of PANoptosis in diseases together with a potential for therapeutic targeting. We also discuss important concepts and pressing issues for future PANoptosis research. Improved understanding of PANoptosis and its mechanisms is crucial for identifying novel therapeutic targets and strategies.

Integrin αvβ3-targeted self-assembled polypeptide nanomicelles for efficacious sonodynamic therapy against breast cancer

“…Recently, the PANoptosis combining key characteristics of pyroptosis, apoptosis and necroptosis was proposed, and this cell-death mode occurred in response to multiple stimuli such as viral/bacterial infections, cytokine storms and cancers. 41 Studies showed that PANoptosis could be triggered by ultrasound irradiation and had great advantages in tumor suppressions. 42 However, the cell apoptosis reported in our study has proved a major mode which induced an efficacious sonodynamic therapy by the experimental parameters (frequency: 1.0 MHz, duty cycle: 50%, power density: 1.0 W cm −2 ).…”

Cell death shapes cancer immunity: spotlighting PANoptosis

“…PANoptosis serves as a critical protective mechanism for cells exposed to various stresses and injuries; thus, activation of PANoptosis may render cancer cells more susceptible to treatments and thereby improve therapeutic outcomes [ 109 ]. Currently, PANoptosis is widely acknowledged as an inflammatory form of PCD governed by the PANoptosome complex [ 15 ].…”

UNC5B Knockdown Enhances Chemotherapy Sensitivity and Immunogenic Cell Death in Sarcoma: A Comprehensive Prognostic Analysis based on PANoptosis and Macrophage

“…Emerging research highlights PANoptosis as a signi cant aspect of cellular demise, integrating pyroptosis, apoptosis, and necroptosis (Shi et al, 2023; X. Sun et al, 2024). Regulated by a cascade of upstream receptors and molecular signals, PANoptosis operates through the PANoptosome complex, offering potential intervention targets for disease management (Sundaram et al, 2023; M. Zheng & Kanneganti, 2020).…”