Noncontrast MR Lymphography in Secondary Lower Limb Lymphedema:

Abstract

BackgroundInvasive imaging techniques have been applied for lymphedema (LE) assessment; noncontrast MR lymphography (NCMLR) has potential as an alternative, but its performance is not known in secondary lower limb LE.PurposeTo assess the role of NCMRL for the classification and characterization of secondary lower limb LE.Study TypeRetrospective.PopulationFifty adults with clinically diagnosed secondary LE.Field Strength/Sequence1.5T, 3D T2‐weighted turbo spin‐echo, 3D T2‐weighted turbo spin‐echo short tau inversion recovery.AssessmentThree radiologists assessed the following characteristics on NCMRL: honeycomb pattern, dermal thickening, muscular abnormalities, distal dilated lymphatics, inguinal lymph node number, appearance of iliac lymphatic trunks. An LE grading based on the MR images was assigned. The relationship between imaging findings and clinical staging was evaluated, as well as between dermal backflow at lymphoscintigraphy and MR staging, and between the limb swelling duration and peripheral lymphatics dilatation.Statistical TestsPearson's correlation test and Cramer's V coefficient were computed to measure the strength of association. The Mann–Whitney test was used to compare the limb swelling duration between patients with and without dilated distal vessels. Agreement among raters was assessed through Kendall's W coefficient of correlation.ResultsClinical stage and the MR grading were correlated, with Cramer's V coefficient of 1 for reader 1 (P < 0.05), 0.846 for reader 2 (P < 0.05), and 0.912 (P < 0.05) for reader 3; agreement between interraters was very good (W = 0.0.75; P = 0.05). A honeycomb pattern (P < 0.05), dermal thickening (P < 0.001), muscular abnormalities (P < 0.05), iliac lymphatic trunks appearance (P < 0.05), distal dilated vessels (P < 0.05), and lymph nodes number (P < 0.05) were significantly correlated with LE clinical stage. Dermal backflow at lymphoscintigraphy was described in 10 (20%) patients and showed a significant correlation with the MR grading (P < 0.05).Data ConclusionThese preliminary results suggest that NCMRL may provide information useful for the staging and management of patients affected by secondary lower limb LE.Level of Evidence 4Technical Efficacy Stage 2J. MAGN. RESON. IMAGING 2021;53:458–466.

Imaging of the Lymphatic Vessels for Surgical Planning: A Systematic Review

“…Multiple studies used changes of the dermis and subcutaneous tissue, such as presence of a honeycomb pattern, dermal thickening, and reduction of muscular trophism, for diagnosis and severity assessment. [126][127][128][129] Visualization of the lymphatic vessels was unsuccessful or played a minimal role in NCMRL assessment of lymphedema. 128,130 In some studies, dilated lymphatic vessels were detected in the affected limb, 129 and indeed, the presence of dilated vessels was related to clinical severity.…”

Systematic Review of Magnetic Resonance Lymphangiography From a Technical Perspective

“…Acquired with TR/TE = 2870/797 msec, voxel size = 1.1 × 1.0 × 1.0 mm. Reproduced from Cellina et al ., 59 with permission.…”

Techniken und klinische Anwendungen der MR-Lymphangiografie in Diagnostik und Therapie von Lymphgefäßerkrankungen

“…B. zum Phlebödem eine fast ausschließlich epifasziale Verteilung des Ödems. Erst im Stadium III lassen sich bei einigen Patienten auch Veränderungen der Muskellogen beobachten (vermutlich vornehmlich inaktivitätsbedingt) [19]. Die qualitative MRbasierte Schweregradeinteilung des Ödems korreliert sowohl beim primären als auch beim sekundären Lymphödem signifikant mit der klinischen Stadieneinteilung, beim sekundären Lymphödem zusätzlich mit der Erkrankungsdauer [19,20], und kann daher helfen, den klinischen Eindruck zu objektivieren.…”