<scp>NO</scp><sub>x</sub> in exhaled breath condensate is related to allergic sensitization in young and middle‐aged adults

Aldakheel, Fahad M.; Bourke, Jane E.; Thomas, Paul S.; Matheson, Melanie C.; Abramson, Michael J.; Hamilton, Garun S.; Lodge, Caroline; Thompson, Bruce; Walters, E. Haydn; Allen, Katrina J.; Erbas, Bircan; Perret, Jennifer L; Dharmage, Shyamali C.; Lowe, Adrian J.

doi:10.1111/cea.13251

Cited by 10 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 42 publications

(77 reference statements)

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“…Exhaled breath condensate (EBC) was collected only in probands (but not relatives) and assayed according to the ATS/ERS guidelines 31,32 for acidity (pH) and nitrogen oxides (NOx) using a glass‐condensing chamber in wet ice. The methodology of EBC collection is detailed elsewhere 33 …”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Is short‐term exposure to grass pollen adversely associated with lung function and airway inflammation in the community?

Idrose

Tham

Lodge

et al. 2020

Allergy

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Background The association between grass pollen exposure and early markers of asthma exacerbations such as lung function changes and increase in airway inflammation is limited. We investigated the associations between short‐term grass pollen exposure and lung function and airway inflammation in a community‐based sample, and whether any such associations were modified by current asthma, current hay fever, pollen sensitization, age, and other environmental factors. Methods Cross‐sectional and short‐term analyses of data from the Melbourne Atopy Cohort Study (MACS) participants (n = 936). Lung function was assessed using spirometry. Airway inflammation was assessed by fractional exhaled nitric oxide (FeNO) and exhaled breath condensate pH and nitrogen oxides (NOx). Daily pollen counts were collected using a volumetric spore trap. The associations were examined by linear regression. Results Higher ambient levels of grass pollen 2 days before (lag 2) were associated with lower mid‐forced expiratory flow (FEF25%‐75%) and FEV1/FVC ratio (Coef. [95% CI] = −119 [−226, −11] mL/s and −1.0 [−3.0, −0.03] %, respectively) and also 3 days before (lag 3). Increased levels of grass pollen a day before (lag 1) were associated with increased FeNO (4.35 [−0.1, 8.7] ppb) and also at lag 2. Adverse associations between pollen and multiple outcomes were greater in adults with current asthma, hay fever, and pollen sensitization. Conclusion Grass pollen exposure was associated with eosinophilic airway inflammation 1‐2 days after exposure and airway obstruction 2‐3 days after exposure. Adults and individuals with asthma, hay fever, and pollen sensitization may be at higher risk.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Is short‐term exposure to grass pollen adversely associated with lung function and airway inflammation in the community?

Idrose

Tham

Lodge

et al. 2020

Allergy

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“…FeNO has been shown to be useful for the diagnosis of eosinophilic airway inflammation especially in asthma, and for determining steroid responsiveness in chronic respiratory inflammation, with a focus on avoiding unnecessary steroid therapies [20,21,22]. With regard to ILDs, some investigations have already been carried out.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Exhalative Breath Markers Do Not Offer for Diagnosis of Interstitial Lung Diseases: Data from the European IPF Registry (eurIPFreg) and Biobank

Krauss

Froehler²,

Degen³

et al. 2019

JCM

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Background: New biomarkers are urgently needed to facilitate diagnosis in Interstitial Lung Diseases (ILD), thus reducing the need for invasive procedures, and to enable tailoring and monitoring of medical treatment. Methods: In this study we investigated if patients with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF; n = 21), non-IPF ILDs (n = 57) and other lung diseases (chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) n = 24, lung cancer (LC) n = 16) as well as healthy subjects (n = 20) show relevant differences in exhaled NO (FeNO; Niox MINO), or in eicosanoid (PGE2, 8-isoprostane; enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA)) levels as measured in exhaled breath condensates (EBC) and bronchoalveolar lavage fluids (BALF). Results: There was no significant difference in FeNO values between IPF, non-IPF ILDs and healthy subjects, although some individual patients showed highly elevated FeNO. On the basis of the FeNO signal, it was neither possible to differentiate between the kind of disease nor to detect exacerbations. In addition, there was no correlation between FeNO values and lung function. The investigation of the eicosanoids in EBCs was challenging (PGE2) or unreliable (8-isoprostane), but worked out well in BALF. A significant increase of free 8-isoprostane was observed in BALF, but not in EBCs, of patients with IPF, hypersensitivity pneumonitis (HP) and sarcoidosis, possibly indicating severity of oxidative stress. Conclusions: FeNO-measurements are not of diagnostic benefit in different ILDs including IPF. The same holds true for PGE2 and 8-isoprostane in EBC by ELISA.

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“…Interestingly, NO x and H 2 O 2 , markers of oxidative stress that got a lot of attention in the early days of EBC research, were not incorporated in recent research. This may reflect persistent methodological problems, as illustrated by the only study that assessed EBC NO x , which reported a detection rate of only 48% (9). The rate of detection is also an important issue in the assessment of eicosanoids and cytokines in EBC, as values near and even below the lower limit of detection were frequently reported.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Exhaled Breath Condensate in Childhood Asthma: A Review and Current Perspective

2019

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Exhaled breath condensate (EBC) was introduced more than two decades ago as a novel, non-invasive tool to assess airway inflammation. This review summarizes the latest literature on the various markers in EBC to predict asthma in children. Despite many recommendations and two comprehensive Task Force reports, there is still large heterogeneity in published data. The biggest issue remains a lack of standardization regarding EBC collection, preservation, processing, and analysis. As a result, published studies show mixed or conflicting results, questioning the reproducibility of findings. A joint, multicenter research study is urgently needed to address the necessary methodological standardization.

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NO_x in exhaled breath condensate is related to allergic sensitization in young and middle‐aged adults

Cited by 10 publications

References 42 publications

Is short‐term exposure to grass pollen adversely associated with lung function and airway inflammation in the community?

Is short‐term exposure to grass pollen adversely associated with lung function and airway inflammation in the community?

Exhalative Breath Markers Do Not Offer for Diagnosis of Interstitial Lung Diseases: Data from the European IPF Registry (eurIPFreg) and Biobank

Exhaled Breath Condensate in Childhood Asthma: A Review and Current Perspective

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NOx in exhaled breath condensate is related to allergic sensitization in young and middle‐aged adults

Cited by 10 publications

References 42 publications

Is short‐term exposure to grass pollen adversely associated with lung function and airway inflammation in the community?

Is short‐term exposure to grass pollen adversely associated with lung function and airway inflammation in the community?

Exhalative Breath Markers Do Not Offer for Diagnosis of Interstitial Lung Diseases: Data from the European IPF Registry (eurIPFreg) and Biobank

Exhaled Breath Condensate in Childhood Asthma: A Review and Current Perspective

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NO_x in exhaled breath condensate is related to allergic sensitization in young and middle‐aged adults