<scp>MW</scp>‐assisted hydrothermal liquefaction of spent coffee grounds

Yang, Jie; Niu, Haibo; Corscadden, Kenneth; He, Quan; Zhou, Ningning

doi:10.1002/cjce.24270

Cited by 9 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 38 publications

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“…It aligns with three out of twelve main principles of green chemistry, which are (i) safer solvent as water is used as the solvent in this process, (ii) design for energy efficiency, in which microwave technology is implemented, and (iii) use of renewable feedstock [18]. However, there are only few attempts on microwave-assisted HTL done by previous researchers for the conversion of biomass such as Herbal crop and Fungus chaff [30], spent coffee grounds [31], maple sawdust [18], pine and spruce [32], microalgal Chlorella sp. [18], and macroalgal Ulva sp.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 96%

Optimization Study on Microwave-Assisted Hydrothermal Liquefaction of Malaysian Macroalgae Chaetomorpha sp. for Phenolic-Rich Bio-Oil Production

Ong

Nomanbhay

2022

Energies

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There are several methods of biomass conversion, including hydrothermal liquefaction (HTL). The implementation of microwave technology in the HTL process is still new, especially on the conversion of marine biomass into bio-crude. In this work, the macroalgae Chaetomorpha sp. was used as the biomass feedstock to produce phenolic-rich bio-oil through microwave-assisted HTL. Chaetomorpha sp. was abundantly found in Malaysia, creating a green tides issue. By utilizing these algae, the green tide issue can be solved and value-added bio-oil is obtained. However, bio-oil from macroalgae has a relatively low heating value, restricting its fuel application. Therefore, it is suggested to be used for bio-polymer synthesis, including bio-based phenol formaldehyde. In this study, the effect of different parameters, such as reaction temperature, preloaded pressure, water-to-algal biomass ratio, and holding time, on both the bio-oil yield and phenolic yield was evaluated. Folin–Ciocalteu method was introduced as the phenolic determination method and the optimal conditions were located by using Response Surface Methodology (RSM). As a results, an optimal biodiesel yield and phenolic yield of 21.47 wt% and 19.22 wt% Gallic Acid Equivalent was obtained at a reaction temperature of 226 °C, 42 bar preloaded pressure and 30:1 water-to-algal biomass ratio after 79 min. Sensitivity analysis also concluded that the water-to-algal biomass ratio is the most influential factor, followed by the preloaded pressure. The FTIR spectrum of the bio-oil produced indicated the presence of different functional group of compounds. In short, Chaetomorpha sp. has been successfully converted into valuable bio-oil through microwave-assisted HTL.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 96%

Optimization Study on Microwave-Assisted Hydrothermal Liquefaction of Malaysian Macroalgae Chaetomorpha sp. for Phenolic-Rich Bio-Oil Production

Ong

Nomanbhay

2022

Energies

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“…In 2020-2021, the global coffee consumption is expected to grow to 167.1 million bags of 60 kg, which leads to the generation of around 6 million tons of SCG per year [7]. This massive amount of SCG poses a serious environmental concern owing to the current waste disposal practices, i.e., landfills [8]. Alternatively, SCG is a carbonaceous material and can be used as the feedstock to produce useful bioproducts.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hydrothermal Carbonization of Spent Coffee Grounds for Producing Solid Fuel

Gallant

Salaudeen

et al. 2022

Sustainability

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Spent coffee grounds (SCG) are industrial biowaste resulting from the coffee-brewing process, and they are often underutilized and end up in landfills, thereby leading to the emission of toxic gases and environmental damage. Hydrothermal carbonization (HTC) is an attractive approach to valorize wet biomass such as SCG to valuable bioproducts (i.e., hydrochar). Thus, in this work, the HTC of SCG was carried out in a 500 L stainless steel vessel at 150, 170, 190, 210, and 230 °C for 30 min, 60 min, 90 min, and 120 min and a feedstock to water weight ratio of 1:5, 1:10, and 1:15, and the use of the resulting hydrochar as a solid fuel was evaluated. The results showed that a high energy recovery (83.93%) and HHV (23.54 MJ/kg) of hydrochar was obtained at moderate conditions (150 °C, 30 min, and feedstock to water weight ratio of 1:5) when compared with conventional approaches such as torrefaction. Following this, the surface morphology, functionality, and combustion behavior of this hydrochar were characterized by SEM, FTIR, and TGA, respectively. In short, it can be concluded that HTC is an effective approach for producing solid fuel from SCG and the resulting hydrochar has the potential to be applied either in domestic heating or large-scale co-firing plants.

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“…ZnO/ZSM-5 has the properties of both Lewis and Brønsted acid sites, which can catalyze the transformation of oil palm fruit empty string to furfural, and therefore increase the yield of HT bio-oil. Microwave assistance is considered to be a promising new heating process [29][30][31]. Siddiqui et al [32] demonstrate the effect of microwave radiation during the conversion process of rice shells into HT bio-oil.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Advance in Hydrothermal Bio-Oil Preparation from Lignocellulose: Effect of Raw Materials and Their Tissue Structures

Zhang

Dou

Yang

et al. 2021

Biomass

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The conversion of abundant forest- and agricultural-residue-based lignocellulosic materials into high-quality bio-oil by the mild hydrothermal method has great potential in the field of biomass utilization. Some excellent research on biomass hydrothermal process has been completed, including temperature, time, catalyst addition, etc. Meanwhile, some research related to the biomass raw material tissue structure has been illustrated by adopting mode components (cellulose, hemicellulose, lignin, protein, lipid, etc.) or their mixtures. The interesting fact is that although some real lignocellulose has approximate composition, their hydrothermal products and distributions show individual differences, which means the interaction within biomass raw material components tremendously affected the reaction pathway. Unfortunately, to our knowledge, there is no review article with a specific focus on the effects of raw materials and their tissue structure on the lignocellulose hydrothermal process. In this review, research progress on the effects of model and mixed cellulose/hemicellulose/lignin effects on hydrothermal products is initially summarized. Additionally, the real lignocellulosic raw materials structure effects during the thermal process are summed up. This article will inspire researchers to focus more attention on wood fiber biomass conversion into liquid fuels or high-value-added chemicals, as well as promote the development of world energy change.

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MW‐assisted hydrothermal liquefaction of spent coffee grounds

Cited by 9 publications

References 38 publications

Optimization Study on Microwave-Assisted Hydrothermal Liquefaction of Malaysian Macroalgae Chaetomorpha sp. for Phenolic-Rich Bio-Oil Production

Optimization Study on Microwave-Assisted Hydrothermal Liquefaction of Malaysian Macroalgae Chaetomorpha sp. for Phenolic-Rich Bio-Oil Production

Hydrothermal Carbonization of Spent Coffee Grounds for Producing Solid Fuel

Advance in Hydrothermal Bio-Oil Preparation from Lignocellulose: Effect of Raw Materials and Their Tissue Structures

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