<scp>Molecular Epidemiology of <i>Cryptosporidium parvum</i> and <i>Giardia lamblia</i> in Different Water Bodies, Soil, and Vegetables in Pakistan</scp>

Abbas, Zaheer; Khan, Muhammad Kashif Iqbal; Abbas, Rao Zahid; Sindhu, Zia ud Din; Sajid, Muhammad Sohail; Munir, Amir; Wahid, Abdul; Zafar, Arsalan; Mughal, Muhammad Adnan Sabir; Imran, Muhammad Ali; Mehmood, Rashid; Nadeem, Muhammad Sajid

doi:10.1089/hs.2021.0118

Cited by 5 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 31 publications

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“…In Pakistan, the main source of drinking water includes the municipal water supplies (unfiltered), which may be contaminated with sewerage water. 29 Petersen et al 30 also reported the higher prevalence of T. gondii in the groups using untreated and unfiltered water. Among body weight, the prevalence of T. gondii was significantly higher (p <0.05) in those having body weight of 46-70 kg.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 94%

Molecular evidence of toxoplasmosis in people living with HIV in Pakistan

et al. 2023

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Background Toxoplasma gondii is a zoonotically important parasite infecting almost all vertebrates. The parasite can easily infect humans through the fecal-oral route, particularly immunocompromised individuals, and children. Due to lack of epidemiological data regarding the occurrence of Toxoplasma gondii in people living with HIV in Pakistan, the present study was designed to estimate the prevalence of Toxoplasma gondii in people living with HIV. Methods Briefly, 384 blood samples were randomly collected from people living with HIV registered under Punjab AIDS Control Program. DNA of all samples was extracted and the 18S rRNA gene of T. gondii was amplified through polymerase chain reaction (PCR) by using genus-specific primers. The amplicons were spread on 1.5% agar rose gel and visualized under gel documentation system. Then the amplicons were purified from the gel and subjected to sequence and phylogenetic analysis. Results Overall prevalence of T. gondii was observed as 23.96%. The prevalence of T. gondii was significantly ( p <0.05) higher in females and in middle age group (26–40 years). Similarly, the prevalence was significantly ( p <0.05) higher in people with poor socioeconomic status, symptomatic patients, drugs users and people using unfiltered water for drinking. Furthermore, bodyweight (46–70 kg) and dry seasons also significantly ( p <0.05) affected the prevalence of T. gondii. Conclusions Our findings illustrated a high infection rate of toxoplasmosis in people living with HIV which could be a significant cause of mortality. More studies need to be conducted for other opportunistic infections caused by parasites and other pathogens.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 94%

Molecular evidence of toxoplasmosis in people living with HIV in Pakistan

et al. 2023

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“…Researchers in Pakistan (Abbas et al, 2022) amplified the 18S ribosomal RNA gene for the detection of cryptosporidia in water, soil and food using newly designed genus-specific primers through a Multiplex PCR reaction that uses several types of primers to amplify multiple fragments in a single DNA sample.…”

Section: Molecular Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Methods used for concentrating oocysts of Cryptosporidium spp., spores Encephalitozoon spp. and Enterocytozoon spp. and their occurrence in Slovak water samples

Sučik

Valenčáková

2023

Front. Environ. Sci.

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The number of outbreaks of water-borne diseases caused by parasites seems to have increased in recent years. Nevertheless, the occurrence of these pathogens in water generally pays little attention. Waterborne transmission is a major route in the epidemiology of the parasite and therefore poses a serious public health problem. Cryptosporidium spp., Encephalitozoon spp. and Enterocytozoon spp. parasites are recognised worldwide as a common cause of diarrhoea. In most cases, it is a dilapidated or poorly maintained standard sanitation and water supply. It is important to perform periodic tests on protozoa, which are often lacking in small laboratories. Since it is necessary to filter large volumes of water for reliable diagnostics and consequently, it is difficult to concentrate them in a large volume of filtrate, it is not easy to detect their presence in the water. Various filtration methods are used to filter these pathogens from water, but cryptosporidial oocysts and microsporidia spores still occur in most of the world’s and Slovak recreational waters. Therefore, it would be appropriate to use the abilities of gill-breathing aquatic animals that filter cryptosporidial oocysts and microsporidia spores from the water by absorbing them with food. Zeolite can also purify water by capturing high concentrations of contaminants, including cryptosporidial oocysts and microsporidial spores.

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“…For the soil, only three studies have reported infections of G. duodenalis in soil samples. The pooled prevalence was 17.61% (81/460) [ [45] , [46] , [47] ]. Among the positive samples, only eight samples were successfully genotyped by ssu rRNA or gdh genes, including assemblage A (50.0%, 4/8) and B (50.0%, 4/8) [ 47 ].…”

Section: Molecular Characteristics Of G Duodenalis ...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Role of rodents in the zoonotic transmission of giardiasis

Qin

et al. 2023

One Health

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Molecular Epidemiology of Cryptosporidium parvum and Giardia lamblia in Different Water Bodies, Soil, and Vegetables in Pakistan

Cited by 5 publications

References 31 publications

Molecular evidence of toxoplasmosis in people living with HIV in Pakistan

Molecular evidence of toxoplasmosis in people living with HIV in Pakistan

Methods used for concentrating oocysts of Cryptosporidium spp., spores Encephalitozoon spp. and Enterocytozoon spp. and their occurrence in Slovak water samples

Role of rodents in the zoonotic transmission of giardiasis

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