MIND and Mediterranean Diets Associated with Later Onset of Parkinson's Disease

Abstract

A BS TRACT: Background: The MIND diet has been linked with prevention of Alzheimer's disease and cognitive decline but has not been fully assessed in the context of Parkinson's disease (PD). The objective of the present study was to determine whether MIND diet adherence is associated with the age of Parkinson's disease onset in a manner superior to that of the Mediterranean diet. Methods: Food Frequency Questionnaires from 167 participants with PD and 119 controls were scored for MIND and 2 versions of Mediterranean diet adherence. Scores were compared between sex and disease subgroups, and PD diet adherence was correlated with age at onset using univariate and multivariate linear models. Results: The female subgroup adhered more closely to the MIND diet than the male subgroup, and diet scores were not modified by disease status. Later age of onset correlated most strongly with MIND diet adherence in the female subgroup, corresponding to differences of up to 17.4 years (P < 0.001) between low and high dietary tertiles. Greek Mediterranean adherence was also significantly associated with later PD onset across all models (P = 0.05-0.03). Conversely, only Greek Mediterranean diet adherence remained correlated with later onset across all models in men, with differences of up to 8.4 years (P = 0.002). Conclusions: This cross-sectional study found a strong correlation between age of onset of PD and dietary habits, suggesting that nutritional strategies may be an effective tool to delay PD onset. Further studies may help to elucidate potential nutrition-related sex-specific pathophysiological mechanisms and differential prevalence rates in PD.

Global Trends in the Incidence, Prevalence, and Years Lived With Disability of Parkinson's Disease in 204 Countries/Territories From 1990 to 2019

“…The increasing trends indicated that current strategies were still ill-prepared for the population aging. The findings indicated that active strategies should be adopt to cope with the problems caused by PD, including healthcare and security systems, civil health promotion plan, and healthy lifestyle (66)(67)(68).…”

Sex Differences in Brain and Cognition in de novo Parkinson's Disease

“…Future research needs to consider the role of other co-factors such as environmental and lifestyle variables that could influence brain atrophy and functional outcomes in PD together with biological sex. In this context, diet quality and physical activity have shown a protective effect against the development of PD (Yang et al, 2015 ; Liu et al, 2021 ), and MIND and Mediterranean diets has been related to later PD onset, mainly in females (Metcalfe-Roach et al, 2021 ). Moreover, physical activity interventions have shown improvement in functional outcomes in PD patients (Sharp and Hewitt, 2014 ).…”

Protective effects of functional foods against Parkinson's disease: A narrative review on pharmacology, phytochemistry, and molecular mechanisms

“…EVOO also contains pentacyclic triterpenoids such as oleanolic acid, and triglyceride fatty acids like oleic, palmitic, and linoleic acids (Javadi, 2018; Lou‐Bonafonte, Arnal, Navarro, & Osada, 2012). EVOO is the most important lipid source of the Mediterranean diet (MD), adherence to which is associated with a lower probability of PD (Javadi & Sahebkar, 2017; Maraki et al, 2019; Metcalfe‐Roach et al, 2020).…”