Muse cells, newly found non‐tumorigenic pluripotent stem cells, reside in human mesenchymal tissues

Abstract

Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs

Very small embryonic-like stem cells as a novel developmental concept and the hierarchy of the stem cell compartment

“…This mechanism could be involved, for example, in generation of the recently reported STAP cells as the result of stimulus-triggered fate conversion of somatic cells [44,45] or multilineage-differentiating stress-enduring cells (Muse cells) [16][17][18]. However, these interesting stem cell populations derived by such mechanisms have recently come into question, and further studies from independent laboratories are required to assess how efficient and reproducible are these mechanisms.…”

“…The basic question is, however, what is the origin of these cells? Is it due to stem cell plasticity when adult stem cells change their fate epigenetics of these cells so that they become pluripotent, as seen in case of the recently described phenomenon of stimulus-triggered fate conversion of somatic cells into pluripotency-in STAP cells [44,45] or stress-induced Muse cells [17,18]? Finally, what we believe is most likely: are such cells deposited in adult tissues during development and are overlapping populations of early-development stem cells (e.g., spore-like stem cells, MASCs, MAPCs, USSCs, MIAMI cells, MPCs, or VSELs)?…”

“…Such cells have been described by many investigators and, depending on the methods for how they were isolated, assigned different names, for example, spore-like stem cells, multipotent adult stem cells (MASCs) [12], mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) [13][14][15], multilineage-differentiating stressenduring (Muse) cells [16][17][18], multipotent adult progenitor cells (MAPCs) [19,20], unrestricted somatic stem cells (USSCs) [21], marrow-isolated adult multilineage-inducible (MIAMI) cells, multipotent progenitor cells (MPCs) [12,23] and, as described by us a decade ago, very small embryonic-like stem cells (VSELs) [24][25][26][27]. This has created a kind of nomenclatural chaos, and probably several of these stem cells described as separate entities are in fact overlapping populations of similar cells.…”

Expression of the erythropoietin receptor by germline-derived cells - further support for a potential developmental link between the germline and hematopoiesis

“…The recent hot debate on the existence in BM of early-development stem cells, such as spore-like stem cells, multipotent adult stem cells (MASCs) [30], multilineage-differentiating, stress-enduring (Muse) cells [31-33], multipotent adult progenitor cells (MAPCs) [34,35], marrow-isolated adult multilineage-inducible (MIAMI) cells [36], multipotent progenitor cells (MPCs) [30,37], and very small embryonic-like stem cells (VSELs) [12-14,38] with broader specification, resulted from the implicit challenge of these cells to the accepted hierarchy within the stem cell compartment in adult tissues.…”

Potential and Limitation of HLA-Based Banking of Human Pluripotent Stem Cells for Cell Therapy

“…But when MUSE cells are cultured as single cell, they proliferate and form a cluster, which is identical to an embryoid body of ES cells. These clusters express different pluripotency markers (SSEA-4; Nanog, Oct3/4) and differentiate into the three germ layers [12, 13]. Currently, hPS cells derived from adult cells (iPS) are the most efficient source of hPS cells.…”