“…It is a relative of I. potaninii and has a chromosome number of 2 n = 22 [ 55 ]. The same chromosome number has been reported for I. potaninii from eleven localities in the Altai Republic [ 57 , 58 ], from the Republic of Buryatia [ 57 , 59 ], from the Republic of Tuva, and the Zabaykalsky Krai [ 60 ]. In our opinion, the Russian populations of I. psammocola remain in question and require further studies, since their identity to I. potaninii is probable.…”
Section: Introductionsupporting
confidence: 66%
“…The following geographic pattern of the distribution of these cytotypes can be observed. For instance, the cytotype 2 n = 22 has been recorded from the European part of the distribution range, e.g., from Ukraine (sub I. pineticola ) [ 59 ] and Czech Republic (sub I. arenaria ) [ 37 ]; 2 n = 28 has been reported primarily from the central part of the distribution range, e.g., from Mongolia (sub I. flavissima ) [ 104 ] as well as from Tomsk Oblast [ 105 ], Altai Republic [ 58 ], Republic of Tuva [ 60 ], Irkutsk Oblast [ 106 ], and Republic of Buryatia, Russia [ 45 ]; 2 n = 24 has been reported from the eastern part of the distribution range, e.g., from the Republic of Buryatia [ 107 ] and Primorsky Krai (sub I. mandshurica ) [ 108 ]. The cytotype 2 n = 26 has been reported for Altai Republic, Russia (sub I. bloudowii ) [ 57 ], and Jilin Province, China (sub I. bloudowii ) [ 109 ].…”
Section: Discussionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…The cytotype 2 n = 26 has been reported for Altai Republic, Russia (sub I. bloudowii ) [ 57 ], and Jilin Province, China (sub I. bloudowii ) [ 109 ]. In addition, two cytotypes, i.e., 2 n = 24 and 2 n = 28, have been recorded from plants collected at the same localities of Primorsky Krai, (sub I. mandshurica ) [ 110 , 111 ] and Amur Oblast, Russia [ 58 , 112 ].…”
Section: Discussionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Chromosome number: 2 n = 22 [ 55 , 57 , 58 , 59 , 60 , 61 ] (55 sub I. psammocola ; 58,61 sub I. kamelinii ).…”
Section: Discussionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Iris kamelinii , another relative of I. potaninii , was described by Nina Alexeeva on the basis of plants collected near Verkhniye Boguty Lake on the western side of the Chikhachev Ridge, Southeast Altai Mountains, Russia [ 61 ]. According to the author, I. kamelinii in the type locality occurs together with I. potaninii [ 15 , 62 ] and has the same chromosome number, 2 n = 22 [ 58 , 61 ]. Moreover, I. kamelinii shows the nearest affinity with I. potaninii in flowering [ 63 ] (p. 51) and in seed morphology [ 64 ].…”
Iris sect. Psammiris comprises rhizomatous perennials distributed in the north temperate zone of Eurasia. The systematics of the section are currently based on morphology, and the phylogenetic relationships within it still remain unclear. In the framework of Iris systematics, we conducted molecular and morphological analyses of the currently recognized I. sect. Psammiris species to elucidate the taxonomic composition and relationships within the section. The phylogenetic reconstructions based on sequence variation of four noncoding chloroplast DNA regions support the monophyly of I. sect. Psammiris, which includes I. tigridia, while I. potaninii var. ionantha belongs to I. sect. Pseudoregelia. The proposed novel classification of I. sect. Psammiris recognizes three series: an autonymic series with I. humilis, I. bloudowii, and I. vorobievii and two unispecific series (I. ser. Potaninia with I. potaninii and I. ser. Tigridiae with I. tigridia). In addition, the taxonomic statuses of I. arenaria, I. ivanovae, I. kamelinii, I. mandshurica, I. pineticola, I. psammocola, and I. schmakovii are clarified herein. We provide a revised taxonomic treatment for I. sect. Psammiris, including notes on the types; updated information on species synonymy, distributions, habitats, and chromosome numbers; and a new identification key to the species. Three lectotypes are designated here.
“…It is a relative of I. potaninii and has a chromosome number of 2 n = 22 [ 55 ]. The same chromosome number has been reported for I. potaninii from eleven localities in the Altai Republic [ 57 , 58 ], from the Republic of Buryatia [ 57 , 59 ], from the Republic of Tuva, and the Zabaykalsky Krai [ 60 ]. In our opinion, the Russian populations of I. psammocola remain in question and require further studies, since their identity to I. potaninii is probable.…”
Section: Introductionsupporting
confidence: 66%
“…The following geographic pattern of the distribution of these cytotypes can be observed. For instance, the cytotype 2 n = 22 has been recorded from the European part of the distribution range, e.g., from Ukraine (sub I. pineticola ) [ 59 ] and Czech Republic (sub I. arenaria ) [ 37 ]; 2 n = 28 has been reported primarily from the central part of the distribution range, e.g., from Mongolia (sub I. flavissima ) [ 104 ] as well as from Tomsk Oblast [ 105 ], Altai Republic [ 58 ], Republic of Tuva [ 60 ], Irkutsk Oblast [ 106 ], and Republic of Buryatia, Russia [ 45 ]; 2 n = 24 has been reported from the eastern part of the distribution range, e.g., from the Republic of Buryatia [ 107 ] and Primorsky Krai (sub I. mandshurica ) [ 108 ]. The cytotype 2 n = 26 has been reported for Altai Republic, Russia (sub I. bloudowii ) [ 57 ], and Jilin Province, China (sub I. bloudowii ) [ 109 ].…”
Section: Discussionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…The cytotype 2 n = 26 has been reported for Altai Republic, Russia (sub I. bloudowii ) [ 57 ], and Jilin Province, China (sub I. bloudowii ) [ 109 ]. In addition, two cytotypes, i.e., 2 n = 24 and 2 n = 28, have been recorded from plants collected at the same localities of Primorsky Krai, (sub I. mandshurica ) [ 110 , 111 ] and Amur Oblast, Russia [ 58 , 112 ].…”
Section: Discussionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Chromosome number: 2 n = 22 [ 55 , 57 , 58 , 59 , 60 , 61 ] (55 sub I. psammocola ; 58,61 sub I. kamelinii ).…”
Section: Discussionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Iris kamelinii , another relative of I. potaninii , was described by Nina Alexeeva on the basis of plants collected near Verkhniye Boguty Lake on the western side of the Chikhachev Ridge, Southeast Altai Mountains, Russia [ 61 ]. According to the author, I. kamelinii in the type locality occurs together with I. potaninii [ 15 , 62 ] and has the same chromosome number, 2 n = 22 [ 58 , 61 ]. Moreover, I. kamelinii shows the nearest affinity with I. potaninii in flowering [ 63 ] (p. 51) and in seed morphology [ 64 ].…”
Iris sect. Psammiris comprises rhizomatous perennials distributed in the north temperate zone of Eurasia. The systematics of the section are currently based on morphology, and the phylogenetic relationships within it still remain unclear. In the framework of Iris systematics, we conducted molecular and morphological analyses of the currently recognized I. sect. Psammiris species to elucidate the taxonomic composition and relationships within the section. The phylogenetic reconstructions based on sequence variation of four noncoding chloroplast DNA regions support the monophyly of I. sect. Psammiris, which includes I. tigridia, while I. potaninii var. ionantha belongs to I. sect. Pseudoregelia. The proposed novel classification of I. sect. Psammiris recognizes three series: an autonymic series with I. humilis, I. bloudowii, and I. vorobievii and two unispecific series (I. ser. Potaninia with I. potaninii and I. ser. Tigridiae with I. tigridia). In addition, the taxonomic statuses of I. arenaria, I. ivanovae, I. kamelinii, I. mandshurica, I. pineticola, I. psammocola, and I. schmakovii are clarified herein. We provide a revised taxonomic treatment for I. sect. Psammiris, including notes on the types; updated information on species synonymy, distributions, habitats, and chromosome numbers; and a new identification key to the species. Three lectotypes are designated here.
The hemiparasitic tribe Cymbarieae (Orobanchaceae) plays a crucial role in elucidating the initial stage of the transition from autotrophism to heterotrophism. However, the complete chloroplast genome of the type genus Cymbaria has yet to be reported. In addition, the traditional Mongolian medicine Cymbaria daurica is frequently subjected to adulteration or substitution because of the minor morphological differences with Cymbaria mongolica. In this study, the complete chloroplast genomes of the two Cymbaria species were assembled and annotated, and those of other published 52 Orobanchaceae species were retrieved for comparative analyses. We found that the Cymbaria chloroplast genomes are characterized by pseudogenization or loss of stress‐relevant genes (ndh) and a unique rbcL–matK inversion. Unlike the high variability observed in holoparasites, Cymbaria and other hemiparasites exhibit high similarity to autotrophs in genome size, guanine–cytosine (GC) content, and intact genes. Notably, four pairs of specific DNA barcodes were developed and validated to distinguish the medicinal herb from its adulterants. Phylogenetic analyses revealed that the genus Cymbaria and the Schwalbea–Siphonostegia clade are grouped into the tribe Cymbarieae, which forms a sister clade to the remaining Orobanchaceae parasitic lineages. Moreover, the diversification of monophyletic Cymbaria occurred during the late Miocene (6.72 Mya) in the Mongol–Chinese steppe region. Our findings provide valuable genetic resources for studying the phylogeny of Orobanchaceae and plant parasitism, and genetic tools to validate the authenticity of the traditional Mongolian medicine “Xinba.”
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