Parthenium hysterophorus mediated inflammation and hyper‐responsiveness via NF‐κB pathway in human A549 lung cancer cell line

Abstract

Being one of the notorious weed P. hysterophorus has invaded almost every part India and is the lead cause of skin allergies and severe dermatitis among farmers and rural population. It is an invasive obnoxious weed capable of surviving extreme environmental conditions and various parts of this plant are reported to cause severe contact allergies in humans due to the presence of high concentrations of toxic sesquiterpene lactones viz. parthenin. It can stimulate numerous cellular and immune responses that may translate into Oxidative stress, allergies, and inflammation. The effect of P. hysterophorus flower extract was evaluated on cell viability, oxidative stress and inflammation in A549 lung cancer cell line by spectrophotometric and reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction methods. Schrodinger software based docking was performed for possible interactions studies. The A549 cells treated with P. hysterophorus flower extract favors increase in cell viability, reactive oxygen species generation. The mRNA expression of proinflammatory cytokines such as IFN-γ, TNF-α, and IL-1β was significantly increased whereas no change in IL-18 expression was observed. Significant increase in protein expression of NF-κB was observed, suggesting the role of NF-κB signalling in allergic responses. The docking studies demonstrated the potential interaction between Parthenin and NF-κB/IL-1β/ IL-18 suggesting their activation leading to inflammation. The current study emphasize that P. hysterophorus mediates oxidative stress, and inflammatory process via alterations in expression of proinflammatory cytokines such as IL-1β, IFN-γ through NF-κB activation which was also confirmed in docking studies. Cellular and molecular mechanisms involved in pathogenesis of allergic/chronic inflammation and severe dermatitis need to be further investigated to identify specific binding partners responsible for severe inflammation which can provide some leads in developing effective targets against severe dermatitis and skin allergies.

Extensive prediction of drug response in mutation-subtype-specific LUAD with machine learning approach

“…Comparing our results with similar endeavors, our identification of 1,564 gene features and 45 mutational features for 46 drugs stands out in its granularity. Studies such as those by Smith et al and Kaur et al primarily revolved around gene expressions, with a mere focus on a handful of genes, potentially bypassing the intricate interplay of myriad genes and mutations [ 34 , 35 ]. Our approach, in contrast, paints a more holistic picture, setting the foundation for further nuanced research.…”

Lenvatinib Induces AKT/NF-κB Inactivation, Apoptosis Signal Transduction and Growth Inhibition of Non-small Cell Lung Cancer In Vivo

“…Our results indicated that lenvatinib significantly suppressed tumor growth (Figure 1) and increased protein levels of caspase-3, -8, and -9 (Figure 4). NF-ĸB, as an oncogenic driver, promotes tumor progression via potentiating the expression of oncogenes involved in tumor cell growth, survival, angiogenesis, and invasion (28)(29)(30). Expression of proliferative, invasionassociated, and anti-apoptotic proteins such as cyclin D1, MMP-2, MMP-9, VEGF, XIAP, c-FLIP, and MCL-1 are associated with constitutive NF-ĸB activation in NSCLC cells.…”

Parthenin—A Sesquiterpene Lactone with Multifaceted Biological Activities: Insights and Prospects

“…Allergenic reactions are generally thought to be induced by the exocyclic α-methylene-γ-lactone moiety, but the mechanisms could vary depending on the antibody’s specificity to the non-functional groups present in the compound [ 3 ]. Of late, it has been concluded that parthenin induces oxidative stress and inflammatory responses in humans by changing the mRNA expression of proinflammatory cytokines, IL-1β, and IFN-γ via the activation of NF-κB [ 86 ].…”