HPLC fingerprint profiles of lucidenic acids from Ganoderma lucidum (lingzhi)

Abstract

Ganoderic acids (GAs) and lucidenic acids (LAs) are the two specific triterpene compositions of Ganoderma lucidum. The HPLC fingerprint profile of GAs has been well‐established, but the reports for LAs were rare. In this study, six new lucidenic acids: H2 (1), H3 (2), I2 (3), I3 (4), K (5), L (6) and nine known compounds: lucidenic acids A (7), B (8), C (9), D2 (10), E2 (11), F (12), N (13), P (14), Q (15), were isolated from a strain of G. lucidum fruiting body (YK‐02). A specific fingerprint of the lucidenic acid type (LA‐type) HPLC spectrum comprised of these triterpenes was revealed for the first time. The HPLC spectra of four strains of G. lucidum were investigated and showed identical profiles with the typical ganoderic acid type (GA‐type, strains YK‐01 and BCRC36065) and lucidenic acid type spectra (strains YK‐02 and BCRC36090). The fingerprint profiles can be used in both species and strain identification of G. lucidum. Quantitation of lucidenic acid A by using HPLC was also validated.

The Triterpenoid High-Performance Liquid Chromatography Analytical Profiles of the Mycelia of Ganoderma lucidum (lingzhi)

“…However, specific GAs have been used to identify the fruiting body of G. lucidum, as described in the US Pharmacopeia (USP) [18]. Our previous report also showed that GAs and LAs can be used in species and strain identification for G. lucidum [5]. These triterpenes are strain-specific and show diverse bioactivity.…”

“…The nineteen triterpenes could be detected in four strains of G. lucidum mycelia, and they all displayed the same HPLC chromatographic pattern, indicating that this HPLC method can be used in the species identification of G. lucidum mycelia. YK-02 and BCRC36090 (Figure 2d,e) are the strains that produce lucidenic acids (LA-type) in their fruit bodies [5]. It was unclear whether GA-type and LA-type fruit bodies produce the same triterpenoid pattern in their mycelia stages.…”

“…Its 13 C NMR spectrum (Table 1) showed a signal at δ217.9, indicating a carbonyl group at C-3. An aldehyde group was observed at δ195.2, corresponding to δ9.44 (s, 26-H) in its HSQC spectrum (see Ganoderal B 1 (5) in the Supplementary Materials). These data suggested that 5 was a ganoderic aldehyde similar to ganoderal B.…”

“…Most of the raw materials are derived from the fruit body and the mycelium (or the fermentation powder) of G. lucidum [2], with the same active constituents, polysaccharides, and triterpenes [3]. In our previous studies, nine ganoderic acids [4] and fifteen lucidenic acids (LAs) [5] were isolated and used for the identification of G. lucidum fruiting bodies. In contrast to the well-established GA HPLC fingerprint profiles of the fruit body, reports of G. lucidum mycelia are rare.…”