<scp>HIV</scp> in the dialysis population: Current issues and future directions

Boyle, Suzanne M.; Lee, Dong Hoon; Wyatt, Christina M.

doi:10.1111/sdi.12615

Cited by 11 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 59 publications

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“…HD patients should be investigated by ELISA, Western blot and serum HIV-RNA for positive cases. The prognosis of HIV infected HD patients has considerably better by using Highly Active Anti-Retroviral Therapy (HAART) [ 31 ], stage of HIV disease at initiation of dialysis [ 32 ] and Th CD4+T helper count [ 33 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Seroprevalence occurrence of viral hepatitis and HIV among hemodialysis patients

Kamal

Mahdi

2018

Annals of Medicine and Surgery

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BackgroundPatients with chronic renal failure (CRF) were on maintenance invasive hemodialysis (HD) procedure. This procedure by itself affects immunity of the patients and became more susceptible to viral infections.Aim of the studyto investigate the occurrence of HBV, HCV and HIV infections in patients with hemodialysis.Patients and methodsA retrospective study of 430 end-stage renal failure patients, referred to hemodialysis department at XXXX Teaching Hospital, Baghdad-Iraq from January-2015 to January-2017. Patients were investigated for HBs-Ag using enzyme-labeled antigen test (Foresight-EIA-USA), HCV- Abs (IgG) specific immunoglobulin using an HCV enzyme-labeled antigen test (Foresight-EIA-USA)and anti - HIV Abs (IgG) using enzyme-labeled antigen test (Foresight-EIA-USA).ResultsThe frequency of HBV infection in the first year was not significant between males (1.11%) and females (0.00%) (P = 0.295). About HCV also there are no significant differences between males (12.63%) and females (9.31%) (P = 0.347). After one year of follow up the frequencies of HBV and HCV were not significant between two sexes. Additionally, no any one of the patients had HIV infection.ConclusionsThis study brings a light on that HBV and HCV were having the same frequencies in both genders and lower occurrence with time. Furthermore, HIV was not detected in those patients.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Seroprevalence occurrence of viral hepatitis and HIV among hemodialysis patients

Kamal

Mahdi

2018

Annals of Medicine and Surgery

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“…As a result, the positive cases found in this study may be a consequence of the progression to end-stage renal disease (ERSD) due to HIV infection rather than a consequence of the dialysis procedure itself. It is well known that the risk of progression to ERSD is significantly higher in HIV-seropositive patients [4,35]. Progression to ERSD has increased in recent years due to the greater longevity of HIV-infected patients, thanks to antiretroviral therapy efficacy [36].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This issue is a major healthcare concern, since these viruses are a significant cause of increased morbidity and mortality [3]. The prevalence rate varies among countries and even among health centres within the same area [2,[4][5][6]. Coinfection is a common finding among HD patients and it may be associated with the worst clinical outcomes [7][8][9].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Seroprevalence of hepatitis B, hepatitis C and HIV infection among patients undergoing haemodialysis in Buenos Aires, Argentina

Pereson

Martínez

Isaac

et al. 2021

Journal of Medical Microbiology

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Introduction. Blood-borne infections are a major cause of harm in individuals on haemodialysis (HD). In particular, knowledge about hepatitis B (HBV), hepatitis C (HCV) and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) status in HD patients is a major concern, since these infections may cause comorbidities in this setting. There is a paucity of data regarding this issue in Argentina. Hypothesis/Gap Statement. The epidemiological surveillance of HBV, HCV, and HIV is a fundamental tool for planning and implementing health strategies in order to prevent and control viral transmission of these viral agents. Aim. To determine the seroprevalence of HBV, HCV and HIV infections in HD patients in Buenos Aires, Argentina. Methodology. Seven hundred and forty-eight HD patients were included in a retrospective cross-sectional study. Serological assays were performed to determine HBV, HCV and HIV status. HBV HBsAg and anti-HBc IgG were analysed using AxSYM (samples before 2010) or the Architect Abbott system (samples since 2010), anti-HCV IgG testing was performed using the anti-HCV enzyme immunoassay AxSYM HCV V3.0 and ARCHITECT anti-HCV, while HIV was tested for using AxSYM HIV 1/2 gO and ARCHITECT HIV Ag/Ab Combination. HCV genotyping was carried out by phylogenetic analysis of the NS5B partial gene. Results. Infection with one of the viruses was detected in 31.1 % of patients [HBV in 82 (11.0 %), HCV in 179 (23.9 %) and HIV in 6 (0.8 %)]. Thirty-two (4.3 %) patients had 2 virus markers [27 (3.6 %) with HCV/HBV, 4 (0.5 %) with HCV/HIV and 1 (0.13 %) with HBV/HIV]. Finally, a single patient (0.13 %) presented all three markers. Time on dialysis was correlated with HCV but not with HBV infection. The HCV subtype distribution in HD patients was inverted with respect to that observed in the general population (HCV-1a 73.2 % and HCV-1b 26.8 % in HD vs HCV-1a 26.5 % and HCV-1b 73.5 % in the general population, P <0.001). Conclusion. Despite the implementation of universal precautionary biosafety standards for dialysis, infection with HBV and HCV continues to occur at very high rates in HD patients. The results emphasize the need to carry out proactive tasks for early diagnosis and treatment of infected individuals and to vaccinate those with non-protective antiHBs antibodies in order to reduce morbidity and mortality in HD patients.

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“…The prevalence of HIV in the CKD and ESRD populations is variable, but it is estimated that ~1% of ESRD patients in the United States are HIV infected; this is in stark contrast to the high rates of HCV infection seen among patients with ESRD. While the prevalence of HCV infection in hemodialysis units varies with geography, ranging from 2‐22%, a generally accepted summary estimate is 7%, based upon data from the intercontinental Dialysis Outcomes and Practice Patterns Study (DOPPS) .…”

Section: Epidemiologymentioning

confidence: 99%

ESRD patients coinfected with human immunodeficiency virus and Hepatitis C: Outcomes and management challenges

Sawinski

2018

Seminars in Dialysis

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HIV infection is a major public health problem worldwide. Due to shared modes of acquisition, many HIV+ patients are coinfected with Hepatitis C. HIV/HCV coinfected patients have an increased burden of chronic kidney disease and are more likely to progress to end-stage renal disease. Dialysis survival is diminished in the coinfected population, even in the contemporary era. Kidney transplantation offers a survival benefit over remaining on dialysis; however, posttransplant outcomes are inferior compared to patients with HIV infection alone. Direct acting antiviral agents may offer an opportunity to improve patient survival, but there are significant drugdrug interactions involving the direct acting antiviral agents, antiretroviral therapy, and immunosuppression that the clinician should be aware of. | EPIDEMIOLOGYWorldwide it is estimated that >36 million people are living with HIV infection (HIV+) and 1.1 million reside in the United States. 1 HIV is a recognized risk factor for the development of chronic kidney disease (CKD) and accelerates progression to end-stage renal disease (ESRD). Data from 3 large, prospective cohort studies [2][3][4] have demonstrated that some CKD risk factors among HIV+ patients are held in common with HIV negative patients, including African American race, diabetes, hypertension, cardiovascular disease, lower baseline GFR, and older age, while others are unique to this population and related to HIV disease or its treatment:unsuppressed HIV viral loads, lower nadir CD4 count, and use of potentially nephrotoxic medications, such as tenofovir. The incidence of ESRD has decreased among HIV+ patients since the widespread adoption of highly effective antiretroviral therapy (ART), but improvements have been uneven; in the contemporary era ESRD rates remain significantly higher among African Americans with HIV (standardized incidence ratio [SIR] 4.5, 95% CI 3.9-5.2) than among non-African Americans with HIV (SIR 1.5, 95% CI 1.0- for Caucasians). 4The prevalence of HIV in the CKD and ESRD populations is variable, but it is estimated that~1% of ESRD patients in the United States are HIV infected 5 ; this is in stark contrast to the high rates of HCV infection seen among patients with ESRD. While the prevalence of HCV infection in hemodialysis units varies with geography, ranging from 2-22%, 6 a generally accepted summary estimate is 7%, based upon data from the intercontinental Dialysis Outcomes and Practice Patterns Study (DOPPS). 7 HCV has been implicated directly in the development of primary kidney disease, as with cryoglobulinemia or membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis, as well as indirectly by promoting comorbidities, such as diabetes that increase the risk of CKD. Approximately one-third of HIV+ patients are coinfected with Hepatitis C. 8 Available data collectively indicate that coinfection with both HIV and HCV magnifies the nephrotoxic potential of each infection alone. A systematic review and meta-analysis 9 of studies published from 1989 through 2015 provided a summary estimat...

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HIV in the dialysis population: Current issues and future directions

Cited by 11 publications

References 59 publications

Seroprevalence occurrence of viral hepatitis and HIV among hemodialysis patients

Seroprevalence occurrence of viral hepatitis and HIV among hemodialysis patients

Seroprevalence of hepatitis B, hepatitis C and HIV infection among patients undergoing haemodialysis in Buenos Aires, Argentina

ESRD patients coinfected with human immunodeficiency virus and Hepatitis C: Outcomes and management challenges

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