High‐performance symmetric supercapacitor using cost‐efficient iron oxide (Fe₃O₄) nanoparticles

Abstract

We investigated Fe3O4 nanoparticles (NPs) for a symmetric supercapacitor (SSC) under ambient conditions from synthesizing material to device fabrication. The prepared Fe3O4 NPs are characterized using different characterization, X‐ray diffraction, Raman and FTIR spectroscopy. The electrochemical performance of supercapacitor (SC) is measured in two electrode systems using coin‐cell assembly at various scan rates varying from 10–100 mV s−1, and cyclic voltammetry measurements are investigated from −0.8 to 0.6 V window. The Fe3O4 NPs based SSC shows an energy density of 24.99 Wh kg−1 with the high specific capacitance of 91.82 F g−1 at 10 mV s−1 scan rate. At a current rate of 4 A g−1, the power density reaches 2000 W kg−1. The Fe3O4 NPs based SSC exhibits a quick charge and discharge mechanism at various current rates and is stable over 500 galvanostatic chargingdischarging cycles at a current rate of 4 A g−1. The fabricated SSC showed >60% capacitance retention even after operating for 1000 cyclic voltammetry cycles at a scan rate of 100 mV s−1. A reasonable choice for SSC electrodes with high power density, and the outstanding resilience of electrodes is further shown by cyclic stability and impedance study exhibiting a negligible change in the different impedance elements. The potential of the fabricated SSC is demonstrated by lightening a light emitting diode (LED) light as a practical aspect for future applications.

Rechargeable iron-ion (Fe-ion) batteries: recent progress, challenges, and perspectives

“…1,2 To address these ongoing energy problems, it is imperative to create a cost-effective and eco-friendly energy storage system that can effectively support/mitigate intermittent renewable energy sources like solar and wind power. 3–6 Electrical energy storage systems have the potential to improve the stability and efficiency of the electrical grid, optimize the use of renewable resources, and promote the adaptability of integrating sustainable energy into the power system. 7,8 Large-scale energy storage applications provide numerous technological and technical obstacles, such as safety, consistency, cost-effectiveness, and commercial acknowledgment.…”