<scp>High‐efficiency</scp>ammonium polyphosphate intumescent encapsulated polypropylene flame retardant

Huang, Zonghao; Ruan, Bo; Wu, Jin; Ma, Ning; Jiang, Tao; Tsai, Fang‐Chang

doi:10.1002/app.50413

Cited by 51 publications

(31 citation statements)

References 62 publications

(101 reference statements)

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“…This is attributed to the need to use ammonia gas during the application of Private. [ 31–35 ] Moreover, it necessitates trimethylol‐melamine as a crosslinking agent to enhance the durability of the treated substrate. However, trimethylol‐melamine releases high levels of formaldehyde gas, which may cause severe toxicity such as carcinogenicity or damage to the respiratory system, as well as eye and skin irritation.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Preparation of flame‐retardant, hydrophobic, ultraviolet protective, and luminescent transparent wood

et al. 2021

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Transparent wood with multifunctional properties has recently attracted more attention as an efficient building product. Here, we describe the development of transparent wood with long‐persistent phosphorescence, tough surface, high durability, photostability, and reversibility without fatigue, and with ultraviolet shielding, superhydrophobicity, and flame‐retardant activity. This long‐persistent phosphorescent, or glow‐in‐the‐dark, smart wood exhibited an ability to continue emitting light for prolonged periods of time. The photoluminescent translucent wooden substrate was prepared by immobilizing lignin‐modulated wooden bulk with an admixture of methylmethacrylate (MMA), ammonium polyphosphate (APP), and lanthanide‐doped strontium aluminate (LSA; SrAl2O4:Eu2+,Dy3+) phosphor nanoparticles. The photoluminescent transparent wood displayed a colour switch from colourless to bright white beneath ultraviolet (UV) light and greenish‐yellow in the dark as reported by Commission Internationale de l'Éclairage laboratory colorimetric space coordinates. The generated phosphorescent wooden substrates demonstrated an absorbance band at 365 nm and an emission band at 516 nm. The phosphorescent transparent wood was improved flame‐retardant properties, ultraviolet shielding, and superhydrophobic properties, as well as a reversible long‐persistent phosphorescent responsiveness to UV light without fatigue. The current approach demonstrated a potential large‐scale production strategy for multifunctional transparent wooden substrates for a range of applications such as smart windows, gentle indoor and outdoor lighting, and safety directional signs in buildings.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Preparation of flame‐retardant, hydrophobic, ultraviolet protective, and luminescent transparent wood

et al. 2021

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“…Furthermore, typical intumescent coatings are opaque which can compromise the natural appearance of wood. To address these issues, some of the techniques developed for protection of fire retardants include surface modification with coupling agents, ultra-fine modification and microencapsulation [8,[16][17][18][19][20].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fire Performance of Intumescent Waterborne Coatings with Encapsulated APP for Wood Constructions

et al. 2021

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In this work, intumescent coatings were prepared for protection of wood from fire. The fire-retardant chemical ammonium polyphosphate (APP) is known to have poor resistance to water and high humidity as it is hygroscopic in nature. To improve the water resistance, durability and fire resistance of the intumescent coating, APP was modified using a hybrid organic-inorganic polysiloxane encapsulation shell prepared by the sol–gel method. The physical and chemical properties of the intumescent mix containing microencapsulated ammonium polyphosphate (EAPP) particles were characterized by X-ray fluorescence (XRF), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), water absorption, dynamic vapor sorption (DVS) and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). The EAPP mix showed 50% reduction in water absorption, 75% reduction in water vapor sorption and increased thermal stability when compared to the APP mix. The intumescent coatings were applied on wood samples, and their fire performance was evaluated using a cone calorimeter test. The intumescent coatings containing EAPP mix showed better fire retarding properties with longer time to ignition, lower heat release rate and shorter heat release peak when compared to the coating without EAPP mix. The prepared intumescent coating shows higher resistance to water and moisture, and it has great potential to be used in bio-based construction industry for enhancing the fire resistance of wood.

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“…Microencapsulation technology has shown great potentials in the powder treatment and pharmaceutical industry compared with conventional surface treatments, owing to its ability to guarantee core materials with unique features by the formed a filmy shell 12–14 . For the most additive flame retardants, poor compatibility and dispersibility will both reduce the flame retardancy and mechanical properties of the polymer composites, which can be solved by microencapsulation technology through a targeted selection of shell materials.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Preparation of the organic–inorganic double‐shell microencapsulated aluminum hypophosphite and its improved flame retardancy and mechanical properties of epoxy resin composites

Chen

et al. 2021

J of Applied Polymer Sci

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To develop the functional particles with better flame‐retardant and compatibility with epoxy resin (EP) matrix, organic–inorganic double‐shell microencapsulated aluminum hypophosphite (MSiAHP) was prepared by situ polymerization. The water contact angles of MSiAHP (62.4°) is significantly larger than that of aluminum hypophosphite (34.4°), which shows that the organic shell material of MSiAHP endows excellent hydrophobicity and water resistance. With the incorporation of MSiAHP, EP/30%MSiAHP composite exhibits limiting oxygen index value of 27.3% and V‐0 rating. Furthermore, the cone calorimetry test reveals that MSiAHP reduces the peak heat release rate, total heat release and total smoke release of EP matrix by 33.3%, 24.4% and 56.6%, respectively. Besides, due to the unique organic–inorganic double‐shell structure of MSiAHP particles, EP/30%MSiAHP composite achieves greater thermal stability and higher char yields than pure EP. The investigation of the products in the gas and condensed phase demonstrates that MSiAHP is beneficial to the generation of a high‐density and compact carbon layer structure with a high graphitization degree, and delay the generation time of pyrolysis products in the gas phase, which can improve the fire safety of EP composites effectively. Furthermore, preeminent dispersion and compatibility of MSiAHP lead to EP/MSiAHP composites with excellent mechanical properties.

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High‐efficiencyammonium polyphosphate intumescent encapsulated polypropylene flame retardant

Cited by 51 publications

References 62 publications

Preparation of flame‐retardant, hydrophobic, ultraviolet protective, and luminescent transparent wood

Preparation of flame‐retardant, hydrophobic, ultraviolet protective, and luminescent transparent wood

Fire Performance of Intumescent Waterborne Coatings with Encapsulated APP for Wood Constructions

Preparation of the organic–inorganic double‐shell microencapsulated aluminum hypophosphite and its improved flame retardancy and mechanical properties of epoxy resin composites

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