HEATR5B associates with dynein‐dynactin and promotes motility of AP1‐bound endosomal membranes

Abstract

The microtubule motor dynein mediates polarised trafficking of a wide variety of organelles, vesicles and macromolecules. These functions are dependent on the dynactin complex, which helps recruit cargoes to dynein's tail and activates motor movement. How the dynein‐dynactin complex orchestrates trafficking of diverse cargoes is unclear. Here, we identify HEATR5B, an interactor of the adaptor protein‐1 (AP1) clathrin adaptor complex, as a novel player in dynein‐dynactin function. HEATR5B was recovered in a biochemical screen for proteins whose association with the dynein tail is augmented by dynactin. We show that HEATR5B binds directly to the dynein tail and dynactin and stimulates motility of AP1‐associated endosomal membranes in human cells. We also demonstrate that the Drosophila HEATR5B homologue is an essential gene that selectively promotes dynein‐based transport of AP1‐bound membranes to the Golgi apparatus. As HEATR5B lacks the coiled‐coil architecture typical of dynein adaptors, our data point to a non‐canonical process orchestrating motor function on a specific cargo. We additionally show that HEATR5B promotes association of AP1 with endosomal membranes independently of dynein. Thus, HEATR5B co‐ordinates multiple events in AP1‐based trafficking.

Fast-evolving cofactors regulate the role of HEATR5 complexes in intra-Golgi trafficking

“…The only molecular function known for Laa1 is to recruit AP1, a function described for HEATR5 proteins in many other species ( Gillard et al, 2015 ; Le Bras et al, 2012 ; Madan et al, 2023 ; Yu et al, 2012 ; Zysnarski et al, 2019 ). However, HEATR5-proteins are not thought to bind directly to AP1.…”