D‐2‐hydroxyglutaric aciduria: A case with an intermediate phenotype and prenatal diagnosis of two affected fetuses

Abstract

D-2-hydroxyglutaric aciduria (D2HGA) is a rare autosomal recessive disorder with variable clinical expression. The biochemical defect is unknown at present. Previously reported cases have either followed a severe clinical course characterized by neonatal epileptic encephalopathy, cortical blindness, and profound developmental delay, or a mild course characterized by mild developmental delay, manageable epilepsy, and mild hypotonia. To date there has been a clear distinction between these two groups. We report the second case of a child with D2HGA who has followed an intermediate course. She presented in infancy with hypotonia, manageable epilepsy and developed moderate to severe developmental delay, and cortical visual impairment. The proposita had a coarse facial appearance, flat face, broad nasal bridge, up-turned nose, and simple, anteverted ears. These facial anomalies have been noted in other children with D2HGA and this case strengthens the proposed association between this facial phenotype and D2HGA. We also report the third and fourth instances of prenatal diagnosis for D2HGA. At each prenatal diagnosis, an affected fetus was diagnosed on the basis of markedly increased levels of D-2-hydroxyglutaric acid in amniotic fluid.

D‐2‐Hydroxyglutaric aciduria: Unravelling the biochemical pathway and the genetic defect

“…Two reports describe the prenatal diagnosis of an affected fetus with D-2-HGA (Clarke et al 2003;Craigen et al 1994). In both cases, the increase of D-2-HG in the amniotic fluid samples was approximately 10-fold when compared to control amniotic fluids samples.…”

Novel cases of D-2-hydroxyglutaric aciduria withIDH1orIDH2mosaic mutations identified by amplicon deep sequencing

“…Quantification of urinary D-2HG values was performed by stable isotope dilution gas chromatography–mass spectrometry 14. The third individual is the mother of a patient diagnosed with D-2HGA with proven IDH2 mutations (previously published by Clarke et al 15 and Kranendijk et al 4). …”