<scp>COVID</scp>‐19 and plasma cells: Is there long‐lived protection?*

Nguyen, Doan C.; Lamothe, Pedro A.; Woodruff, Matthew C.; Saini, Ankur; Faliti, Caterina E.; Sanz, Igñacio; Lee, Frances Eun-Hyung

doi:10.1111/imr.13115

Cited by 31 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 385 publications

(1,155 reference statements)

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“…However, the hybrid case resulting from natural infection and vaccination confers the most robust and durable immunity [ 60 , 61 , 62 ]. Studies on immunology on different variants and various countries have found that hybrid immunity was protective against reinfection and severe disease outcomes [ 63 , 64 , 65 , 66 ]. As summarized by Bates and colleagues, “the additional antigen exposure from natural infection substantially boosts the quantity, quality, and breadth of humoral immune response regardless of whether it occurs before or after vaccination” [ 67 ].…”

Section: Immunity: Variants Waning Effect and Hybrid Casesmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Scoping Review of Three Dimensions for Long-Term COVID-19 Vaccination Models: Hybrid Immunity, Individual Drivers of Vaccinal Choice, and Human Errors

2022

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The virus that causes COVID-19 changes over time, occasionally leading to Variants of Interest (VOIs) and Variants of Concern (VOCs) that can behave differently with respect to detection kits, treatments, or vaccines. For instance, two vaccination doses were 61% effective against the BA.1 predominant variant, but only 24% effective when BA.2 became predominant. While doses still confer protection against severe disease outcomes, the BA.5 variant demonstrates the possibility that individuals who have received a few doses built for previous variants can still be infected with newer variants. As previous vaccines become less effective, new ones will be released to target specific variants and the whole process of vaccinating the population will restart. While previous models have detailed logistical aspects and disease progression, there are three additional key elements to model COVID-19 vaccination coverage in the long term. First, the willingness of the population to participate in regular vaccination campaigns is essential for long-term effective COVID-19 vaccination coverage. Previous research has shown that several categories of variables drive vaccination status: sociodemographic, health-related, psychological, and information-related constructs. However, the inclusion of these categories in future models raises questions about the identification of specific factors (e.g., which sociodemographic aspects?) and their operationalization (e.g., how to initialize agents with a plausible combination of factors?). While previous models separately accounted for natural- and vaccine-induced immunity, the reality is that a significant fraction of individuals will be both vaccinated and infected over the coming years. Modeling the decay in immunity with respect to new VOCs will thus need to account for hybrid immunity. Finally, models rarely assume that individuals make mistakes, even though this over-reliance on perfectly rational individuals can miss essential dynamics. Using the U.S. as a guiding example, our scoping review summarizes these aspects (vaccinal choice, immunity, and errors) through ten recommendations to support the modeling community in developing long-term COVID-19 vaccination models.

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Section: Immunity: Variants Waning Effect and Hybrid Casesmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Scoping Review of Three Dimensions for Long-Term COVID-19 Vaccination Models: Hybrid Immunity, Individual Drivers of Vaccinal Choice, and Human Errors

2022

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“…Таким образом, было показано наличие долгоживущих плазматических клеток LLPC (long-lived plasma cells) и S-cпецифичных В-клеток памяти после перенесенного ковида. Длительность гуморального иммунного ответа определяется количеством и продолжительностью жизни В-клеток памяти и LLPC в костном мозге [41].…”

Section: особенности иммунного ответа на новые варианты Sars-cov-2unclassified

A rational strategy for the maintenance of antiviral immunity to new SARS-CoV-2 strains

Baklaushev

Yusubalieva²,

Bychinin³

et al. 2022

Journal of Clinical Practice

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New variants of SARS-CoV-2 such as Omicron BA.2, BA.4/5, BA.2.12.1 and BA 2.75 are characterized by higher infectivity and the ability to escape virus-neutralizing antibodies against previous coronavirus variants. The S-trimer of BA.2 and its phylogenetic derivatives are characterized by a predominant Up-conformation, which facilitates the interaction with ACE2 on target cells and promotes the resistance to neutralizing antibodies. The immunity acquired from the infection with earlier strains is non-sterile for both early and later strains; the booster systemic immunization does not significantly affect the effectiveness of antiviral immunity, and its feasibility is currently being questioned. Studies of the mucosal immune response have shown that intranasal immunization with adenovirus vaccines provides more pronounced protective immunity than systemic reimmunization does. A promising approach is the creation of multivalent inhaled next generation vaccines containing immunoadjuvants that activate B- and T-cell mucosal immunity. Currently, a large number of intranasal vaccines are undergoing phase I/II trials, while the preclinical and preliminary clinical results indicate that this method of vaccination provides a better mucosal immune response at the entry site of the virus than systemic immunization does. This strategy may provide a long-term immune protection against the currently existing and yet unknown new strains of SARS-CoV-2.

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“…The plasmablasts may contribute to the early low-maturity antibody response that declines rapidly before a more stable neutralizing response arises from long-lived bone marrow-derived plasma cells [ 19 ]. However, there is uncertainty regarding the longevity of plasma cells against SARS-CoV-2 [ 20 ], especially given the evidence of rapidly waning immunity following infection [ 21 ].…”

Section: B Cells Engaged In the Primary Immune Response To Mrna Vaccinesmentioning

confidence: 99%

B-Cell Responses to Sars-Cov-2 mRNA Vaccines

Kardava

Buckner

Moir

2022

PAI

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Most vaccines against viral pathogens protect through the acquisition of immunological memory from long-lived plasma cells that produce antibodies and memory B cells that can rapidly respond upon an encounter with the pathogen or its variants. The COVID-19 pandemic and rapid deployment of effective vaccines have provided an unprecedented opportunity to study the immune response to a new yet rapidly evolving pathogen. Here we review the scientific literature and our efforts to understand antibody and B-cell responses to SARS-CoV-2 vaccines, the effect of SARS-CoV-2 infection on both primary and secondary immune responses, and how repeated exposures may impact outcomes.

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COVID‐19 and plasma cells: Is there long‐lived protection?*

Cited by 31 publications

References 385 publications

A Scoping Review of Three Dimensions for Long-Term COVID-19 Vaccination Models: Hybrid Immunity, Individual Drivers of Vaccinal Choice, and Human Errors

A Scoping Review of Three Dimensions for Long-Term COVID-19 Vaccination Models: Hybrid Immunity, Individual Drivers of Vaccinal Choice, and Human Errors

A rational strategy for the maintenance of antiviral immunity to new SARS-CoV-2 strains

B-Cell Responses to Sars-Cov-2 mRNA Vaccines

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