CCAT1: a pivotal oncogenic long non‐coding RNA in human cancers

Abstract

Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) compose a group of non-protein-coding RNAs - more than 200 nucleotides in length. Recent studies have shown that lncRNAs play important roles in different cellular processes, including proliferation, differentiation, migration and invasion. Deregulation of lncRNAs has been widely reported in human tumours, in which they are able to function as either oncogenes (on the one hand) or tumour suppressor genes (on the other). Deregulation of CCAT1 (colon cancer-associated transcript-1), an oncogenic lncRNA, has been documented in different types of malignancy, such as gastric cancer, colorectal cancer and hepatocellular carcinoma. In this regard, enforced expression of CCAT1 exerts potent tumorigenic effects by promoting cell proliferation, invasion and migration. Recent evidence has also shown that CCAT1 may serve as a prognostic cancer biomarker. In this review, we provide an overview of current evidence relating to the role and biological function of CCAT1 in tumour development.

LncRNA‐RMRP promotes nucleus pulposus cell proliferation through regulating miR‐206 expression

“…Long noncoding RNAs (LncRNAs) are longer than 200 nucleotides (nts) in length with no or limited protein‐coding capacity and were found to play important roles in diverse human diseases and biological processes . Mounting evidence has suggested that many lncRNAs are beregulated in diverse diseases such as tumours, diabetes, coronary heart disease, osteoarthritis and also IDD . For example, Lan and colleagues profiled lncRNA expression in degenerate disc tissues and normal adults' lumbar discs by microarray and found a total of 3081 differentially expressed lncRNAs.…”

Long non‐coding RNA FOXP4‐AS1 is an unfavourable prognostic factor and regulates proliferation and apoptosis in colorectal cancer

“…They are commonly defined as transcripts greater than 200 nt in length but have no protein‐coding capacity . Recent experiments confirmed that lncRNA dysregulation plays a role in various malignancies . For instance, lncRNA HOTAIR overexpression facilitates breast cancer metastasis by recruiting the PRC2 complex to specific target genes genome‐wide, leading to H3K27 trimethylation and epigenetic silencing of metastasis suppressor genes .…”

The diagnostic effect of serum miR-196b as biomarker in colorectal cancer

“…Recently, a burgeoning list of tumor biomarkers, including MYC, HOTAIRM1 and colon cancer-associated transcript 1 (CCAT1), have been reported to have a limited association with diagnosis and prognosis in CRC (22–24). Therefore, it is of great interest to identify further, more specific and sensitive biomarkers for the diagnosis of CRC.…”