Property-casualty insurers are exposed to rare but severe natural disasters. This article analyzes the relation between catastrophe risk and the implied volatility smile of insurance stock options. We find that the slope is significantly steeper compared to the rest of the economy and exhibits a seasonal pattern due to hurricanes. We are able to link the insurance-specific tail risk component derived from options with the risk spread from catastrophe bonds and global economic losses caused by catastrophes. Our results provide an accurate, high-frequency calculation for catastrophe risk linking the traditional derivatives market with insurance-linked securities.The hurricane does not know the rate that was charged for the hurricane policy, so it's not going to respond to how much you charge. And if you charge an inadequate premium, you will get creamed over time. . I would like to thank two anonymous referees, 1 We define catastrophe risk as a specific and independent component of the overall tail risk to which companies are exposed. Thus, catastrophe risk is one of many potential sources of distress to a firm (here, the P&C insurer). We follow Froot's (2001) definition of catastrophe risk, which relates to all events linked to natural hazard (e.g., hurricanes, earthquakes, wind and ice storms, floods, etc.) causing financial losses. In theory, our definition expands to man-made disaster such as terrorist attacks. However, such events not only affect the P&C insurance industry but also the rest of the economy (see, e.g., Brounen and Derwall, 2010;Thomann, 2013). As our research design relies on identifying differences between insurers and the rest of the economy, man-made disaster can only have a marginal impact on our analysis. Therefore, the focus of this article is on natural disasters.