<scp>Brain‐wide</scp> inferiority and equivalence tests in <scp>fMRI</scp> group analyses: Selected applications

Gerchen, Martin Fungisai; Kirsch, Peter; Feld, Gordon B.

doi:10.1002/hbm.25664

Cited by 16 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 34 publications

(58 reference statements)

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“…In addition to statistical analysis, effect size calculations were also performed to compare the effect of the sample size of each group. Due to the difference in group size, corrected Cohen’s d (Hedge’s g) was used to estimate the effect size and aid in result interpretation ( Gerchen et al, 2021 ; Pernet et al, 2021 ). Following the rule of thumb set by Cohen, an effect size of 0.2 is considered as a small effect, 0.5 as a medium effect, and 0.8 as a large effect ( Lakens, 2013 ).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Alteration in the Functional Organization of the Default Mode Network Following Closed Non-severe Traumatic Brain Injury

et al. 2022

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The debilitating effect of traumatic brain injury (TBI) extends years after the initial injury and hampers the recovery process and quality of life. In this study, we explore the functional reorganization of the default mode network (DMN) of those affected with non-severe TBI. Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a wide-spectrum disease that has heterogeneous effects on its victims and impacts everyday functioning. The functional disruption of the default mode network (DMN) after TBI has been established, but its link to causal effective connectivity remains to be explored. This study investigated the differences in the DMN between healthy participants and mild and moderate TBI, in terms of functional and effective connectivity using resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI). Nineteen non-severe TBI (mean age 30.84 ± 14.56) and twenty-two healthy (HC; mean age 27.23 ± 6.32) participants were recruited for this study. Resting-state fMRI data were obtained at the subacute phase (mean days 40.63 ± 10.14) and analyzed for functional activation and connectivity, independent component analysis, and effective connectivity within and between the DMN. Neuropsychological tests were also performed to assess the cognitive and memory domains. Compared to the HC, the TBI group exhibited lower activation in the thalamus, as well as significant functional hypoconnectivity between DMN and LN. Within the DMN nodes, decreased activations were detected in the left inferior parietal lobule, precuneus, and right superior frontal gyrus. Altered effective connectivities were also observed in the TBI group and were linked to the diminished activation in the left parietal region and precuneus. With regard to intra-DMN connectivity within the TBI group, positive correlations were found in verbal and visual memory with the language network, while a negative correlation was found in the cognitive domain with the visual network. Our results suggested that aberrant activities and functional connectivities within the DMN and with other RSNs were accompanied by the altered effective connectivities in the TBI group. These alterations were associated with impaired cognitive and memory domains in the TBI group, in particular within the language domain. These findings may provide insight for future TBI observational and interventional research.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Alteration in the Functional Organization of the Default Mode Network Following Closed Non-severe Traumatic Brain Injury

et al. 2022

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“…For each NF and transfer run, connectivity estimates corrected for age and gender as covariates were compared between the two groups with one-sided independent samples t-tests implemented in a GLM model. Hedges’g and its confidence interval were estimated based on the obtained t-values to estimate the effect size per run 37 . Pearson’s correlations were used to assess associations of offline and online connectivity with respiratory parameters.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Feasibility of training the dorsolateral prefrontal-striatal network by real-time fMRI neurofeedback

Weiss

Zhang

Aslan

et al. 2022

Sci Rep

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Real-time fMRI neurofeedback (rt-fMRI NF) is a promising non-invasive technique that enables volitional control of usually covert brain processes. While most rt-fMRI NF studies so far have demonstrated the ability of the method to evoke changes in brain activity and improve symptoms of mental disorders, a recently evolving field is network-based functional connectivity (FC) rt-fMRI NF. However, FC rt-fMRI NF has methodological challenges such as respirational artefacts that could potentially bias the training if not controlled. In this randomized, double-blind, yoke-controlled, pre-registered FC rt-fMRI NF study with healthy participants (N = 40) studied over three training days, we tested the feasibility of an FC rt-fMRI NF approach with online global signal regression (GSR) to control for physiological artefacts for up-regulation of connectivity in the dorsolateral prefrontal-striatal network. While our pre-registered null hypothesis significance tests failed to reach criterion, we estimated the FC training effect at a medium effect size at the end of the third training day after rigorous control of physiological artefacts in the offline data. This hints at the potential of FC rt-fMRI NF for the development of innovative transdiagnostic circuit-specific interventional approaches for mental disorders and the effect should now be confirmed in a well-powered study.

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“…In order to generate further exploratory value from our analyses, additional voxel-wise calculations of ES and corresponding confidence intervals were performed post-hoc. The procedure follows Gerchen et al (2021) . In short, whole brain two-sample t -tests were calculated in SPM12 for the contrast “alcohol > neutral” for “males > females.” Using the resulting t-maps and applying the “g_es_ci” Matlab script ( Gerchen et al, 2021 ), the standardized ES Hedges’ g and the corresponding 95-% confidence intervals (CI) were calculated for all voxels in the nine ROI separately.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The procedure follows Gerchen et al (2021) . In short, whole brain two-sample t -tests were calculated in SPM12 for the contrast “alcohol > neutral” for “males > females.” Using the resulting t-maps and applying the “g_es_ci” Matlab script ( Gerchen et al, 2021 ), the standardized ES Hedges’ g and the corresponding 95-% confidence intervals (CI) were calculated for all voxels in the nine ROI separately. Subsequently all ROI masks were resized to the same MNI dimensions as the ES g-map.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Effect Size Calculationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Neural cue reactivity is not stronger in male than in female patients with alcohol use disorder

Gerhardt

Hoffmann²,

Tan³

et al. 2022

Front. Behav. Neurosci.

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BackgroundMales consume more alcohol than females, and alcohol use disorder (AUD) is more prevalent in males than females. However, females progress faster to AUD. Sex differences in neural alcohol cue reactivity were previously observed in young social drinkers, indicating a role of hypersensitivity to alcohol-related cues in very early stages of addiction. To our knowledge, this is the first study on patients diagnosed with AUD to test sex differences in neural reactivity to alcohol cues in order to widen previous findings.MethodsWe analyzed data from previous studies, using a well-established functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) paradigm to compare neural reactivity to alcohol cues between 42 female and 124 male patients with AUD (mean age 45 and 46 years) in predefined regions of interest that were implicated by previous studies (ventral and dorsal striatum as well as caudate, putamen, amygdala, hippocampus, insula, anterior cingulate cortex, and medial prefrontal cortex) using independent samples t-tests. Post-hoc, effect size calculations were performed.ResultsThroughout all nine regions of interest, we found no statistically significant sex differences in neural reactivity toward alcoholic pictures alone or in comparison to neutral pictures (p > 0.05, FDR-corrected). Post-hoc effect size estimates indicated a magnitude between 0.137 and 0.418 (Hedge’s g) on alcohol reactivity to alcohol cues compared to neutral cues and indicate very small to less than medium effect sizes in the direction of higher cue reactivity in female patients.ConclusionPrevious studies showed sex differences in neural alcohol cue reactivity in younger social and problematic alcohol drinkers, i.e., stronger striatal cue-reactivity in males. After correction for multiple comparisons, we did not observe significant sex differences in a cohort of middle-aged females and males with AUD. Sex differences that are present during early phases of addiction development might disappear at later stages of AUD and might thus be considered as clinically less relevant in patients with more severe AUD.

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Brain‐wide inferiority and equivalence tests in fMRI group analyses: Selected applications

Cited by 16 publications

References 34 publications

Alteration in the Functional Organization of the Default Mode Network Following Closed Non-severe Traumatic Brain Injury

Alteration in the Functional Organization of the Default Mode Network Following Closed Non-severe Traumatic Brain Injury

Feasibility of training the dorsolateral prefrontal-striatal network by real-time fMRI neurofeedback

Neural cue reactivity is not stronger in male than in female patients with alcohol use disorder

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