<scp>BerEP4</scp> is widely expressed in tumors of the sweat apparatus: a source of potential diagnostic error

Afshar, Maryam; Deroide, Florence; Robson, Alistair

doi:10.1111/cup.12043

Cited by 8 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 19 publications

(14 reference statements)

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“…The lesion was characterised by ulceration, necrosis, and cells with pleomorphic nuclei and mitotic activity. One area of the tumour had cells with cytoplasmic vacuoles and this area stained positively for CK7, supporting the presence of ductal differentiation and the diagnosis of a primary cutaneous adnexal neoplasm ( Qureshi et al, 2004 ), and BerEP4, which is commonly expressed in sweat gland tumours and in particular, in porocarcinomas ( Afshar et al, 2013 ). The patient was referred to a Gynaecological Oncologist who performed a wide local excision of the scar.…”

Section: Case Reportmentioning

confidence: 69%

Poroid hidradenocarcinoma and atypical hidradenoma papilliferum of the vulva – Two cases

Mcgauran

Manolitsas

Tawfik

et al. 2021

Gynecologic Oncology Reports

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Benign and malignant tumours may arise from eccrine and apocrine sweat glands. Hidradenocarcinoma is a rare malignant eccrine sweat gland tumour representing <0.01% of all skin cancers. There are 6 case reports in the literature of hidradenocarcinoma arising on the vulva, none of which are classified as poroid hidradenocarcinoma. Hidradenocarcinoma is thought to be an aggressive tumour with poor prognosis and high levels of local recurrence and systemic metastases. Conversely, hidradenoma papilliferum is a common benign apocrine sweat gland tumour found on the vulva. The prevalence and significance of atypical changes, however, is unknown. Distinguishing between these tumour types can be difficult. The authors present two cases, a poroid hidradenocarcinoma and an atypical hidradenoma papilliferum with necrosis and increased mitotic activity, to illustrate the diagnostic challenges associated with rare tumours of the vulva in the absence of an established histopathological classification system.

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Section: Case Reportmentioning

confidence: 69%

Poroid hidradenocarcinoma and atypical hidradenoma papilliferum of the vulva – Two cases

Mcgauran

Manolitsas

Tawfik

et al. 2021

Gynecologic Oncology Reports

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“…18 In addition, several other sweat gland tumors, sebaceous tumors, and Merkel cell carcinoma exhibit varying degrees of c-KIT immunoexpression. 18 BerEP4 has a tendency to be positive in porocarcinoma 20 but negative in SCC; however, no previous studies have investigated the utility of BerEP4 in the differential diagnosis of porocarcinoma and SCC. Our study revealed that the sensitivity for BerEP4 in porocarcinoma (8/14, 57.1%) was not high, and only 2 (9.1%) of 22 SCC cases, both of which were vulvar tumors, showed limited expression of BerEP4.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…19 In addition, there are still a few other potential immunohistochemical markers such as BerEP4 and GATA3 that have not been well investigated for the differential diagnosis. [20][21][22] The purpose of this study was to compare these immunohistochemical markers and to establish the best immunohistochemical method for distinguishing porocarcinoma from SCC.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparison of Immunohistochemical Expression of Cytokeratin 19, c-KIT, BerEP4, GATA3, and NUTM1 Between Porocarcinoma and Squamous Cell Carcinoma

Goto

Ishikawa²,

Hamada

et al. 2021

The American Journal of Dermatopathology

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Distinguishing porocarcinoma from squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) is clinically significant; however, differential diagnosis can often be challenging. This study sought to confirm the diagnostic utility of cytokeratin 19, c-KIT, BerEP4, GATA3, and NUTM1 immunohistochemistry in distinguishing porocarcinoma from SCC. Immunohistochemical analysis of cytokeratin 19, c-KIT, BerEP4, GATA3, and NUTM1 in 14 porocarcinomas and 22 SCCs was performed; the extents and intensities of expression of these markers were recorded. The statistical associations of the immunoexpression between porocarcinoma and SCC were analyzed using the Pearson x 2 test. Cytokeratin 19 was positive in 13 (92.9%) of 14 porocarcinomas, and for all the positive cases, staining was strong and evident in .20% of the tumor cells. By contrast, 9 (40.9%) of 22 SCCs expressed cytokeratin 19 (P = 0.0018), of which 6 showed extremely focal (#10% of the tumor cells) expression. Of the 14 porocarcinomas, 11 (78.6%) cases showed c-KIT positivity, whereas only 3 of 22 SCCs (13.6%) expressed c-KIT focally (P = 0.0001). In addition, BerEP4 immunostaining differed between porocarcinomas and SCCs (57.1% vs. 9.1%, respectively; P = 0.0017). However, no significant difference between the groups was reported in terms of GATA3 expression (57.1% vs. 72.7%, respectively; P = 0.3336). NUTM1 was expressed in 4/14 (28.6%) porocarcinomas but not in the SCCs. Immunohistochemistry for cytokeratin 19, c-KIT, and BerEP4 could be helpful in distinguishing porocarcinomas from SCCs. In addition, NUTM1 immunoexpression is highly specific, although not sensitive, to porocarcinomas. GATA3 immunohistochemistry has no meaningful implications in the differential diagnosis of porocarcinoma and SCC.

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“…In this sense, although BerEP4 is expressed by nearly all BCCs, 22,23 it is also expressed by some poromas and porocarcinomas (usually focally). 24 Therefore, traditional staining of the poroid ducts with EMA and/or CEA is an important highlight in the differential diagnosis. 25 …”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Immunoexpression of Androgen Receptors in Poroid Neoplasms

Fernández-Flores

Cassarino²

2017

Applied Immunohistochemistry &Amp; Molecular Morphology

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Some poroid neoplasias are known to show apocrine differentiation (ie, differentiation toward the folliculosebaceous and the apocrine units). In this sense, it is somewhat surprising that the immunoexpression of androgen receptors (ARs) has not been investigated yet in poroid neoplasias. In this study, we examined the immunoexpression of ARs in 40 poroid neoplasms (8 porocarcinomas and 32 poromas). We found intense and diffuse immunoexpression of ARs in 1 porocarcinoma. In addition, 7 poromas and 2 porocarcinomas showed focal immunoexpression of ARs. Nine of these 10 positive cases were found in men. We conclude that poroid neoplasias express ARs in about 25% of the cases, but the expression is usually focal/weak. However, the expression of this marker is not incompatible with a diagnosis of poroid neoplasia.

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BerEP4 is widely expressed in tumors of the sweat apparatus: a source of potential diagnostic error

Abstract: This case and pilot study shows that BerEP4 expression is common in these selected sweat apparatus tumors, and staining may be strongly so. This observation should be borne in mind in clinical practice.

Cited by 8 publications

References 19 publications

Poroid hidradenocarcinoma and atypical hidradenoma papilliferum of the vulva – Two cases

Poroid hidradenocarcinoma and atypical hidradenoma papilliferum of the vulva – Two cases

Comparison of Immunohistochemical Expression of Cytokeratin 19, c-KIT, BerEP4, GATA3, and NUTM1 Between Porocarcinoma and Squamous Cell Carcinoma

Immunoexpression of Androgen Receptors in Poroid Neoplasms

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