<scp>ACVIM</scp>consensus statement guidelines on diagnosing and distinguishing low‐grade neoplastic from inflammatory lymphocytic chronic enteropathies in cats

Marsilio, Sina; Freiche, Valérie; Johnson, Ernest H.; Leo, Chiara; Langerak, Anton W.; Peters, Iain R.; Ackermann, Mark R.

doi:10.1111/jvim.16690

Cited by 18 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 190 publications

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“…Cats are often referred to veterinary facilities to perform assessment of abdominal US chronic gastrointestinal symptoms. Despite US being an essential step for diagnostic workup, sometimes it cannot discriminate a lymphoplasmacytic enteritis from low-grade lymphoma [ 40 ]. This is also applied to mesenteric lymph nodes, where the distinction between inflammatory and neoplastic lymph nodes may not be immediately obvious when assessed by US, thus requiring the need for cytology or histopathology for definitive diagnosis [ 41 , 42 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ultrasonography and Sonoelastography Characteristics of Benign vs. Malignant Mesenteric Lymph Nodes in Cats: An Update

Febo,

Del Signore,

Bernabò

et al. 2023

Animals

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(1) Background: Strain elastography (SE) is an ultrasound-based technique able to non-invasively assess tissue elasticity, with malignant tissues being stiffer than normal tissues. The purpose of the study was to evaluate the diagnostic performance of SE to differentiate feline mesenteric benign and malignant lymph nodes (LNs) using a multivariate approach including both SE results and B-mode ultrasound and color Doppler findings. (2) Methods: Feline enlarged mesenteric LNs were evaluated using B-mode ultrasound, color Doppler ultrasonography, and SE. Short-to-long axis ratios, borders, echogenicity, hilum, vascular flow distribution, elastographic patterns, and strain ratios were recorded. Histological and/or cytological diagnosis was available for each LN. (3) Results: A total of 88 LNs were included, 46 (52.3%) benign and 42 (47.7%) malignant; in the benign group, 40 LNs had a diagnosis of reactive hyperplasia (group A) and 6 eosinophilic sclerosing lymphadenitis (group B), while in the malignant group 42 had a diagnosis of lymphoma (group C). The principal component analysis approach showed evidence that by combining B-mode- and color Doppler-based scores with SE scores, the three groups of LNs can be accurately distinguished. (4) Conclusions: Our results demonstrate that a multivariate sonographic approach combining B-mode ultrasound, color Doppler ultrasonography, and SE can accurately distinguish benign from malignant LNs, thus helping in the clinical advice of feline patients.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ultrasonography and Sonoelastography Characteristics of Benign vs. Malignant Mesenteric Lymph Nodes in Cats: An Update

Febo,

Del Signore,

Bernabò

et al. 2023

Animals

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“…For cases in which the pathologist could not differentiate between CIE and LGITL based on routine histopathology, ancillary testing with immunohistochemistry and PCR for antigen receptor rearrangement (PARR) was performed for diagnostic confirmation. A final diagnosis of CIE or LGITL was reached upon integration of results from histopathology with immunohistochemistry and PARR when available, consistent with previous studies in cats and current EuroClonality/BIOMED-2 guidelines and a recent consensus statement from the American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine (ACVIM) [36][37][38][39][40][41][42]. Cats were excluded if they were documented to have received antibiotics or immunomodulatory drugs within 4 weeks of sample collection.…”

Section: Patient Population and Sample Acquisitionmentioning

confidence: 95%

Chronic Inflammatory Enteropathy and Low-Grade Intestinal T-Cell Lymphoma Are Associated with Altered Microbial Tryptophan Catabolism in Cats

Barko,

Williams,

et al. 2023

Animals

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Chronic inflammatory enteropathy (CIE) and low-grade intestinal T-cell lymphoma (LGITL) are common chronic enteropathies (CE) in cats. Enteric microbiota dysbiosis is implicated in the pathogenesis of CE; however, the mechanisms of host–microbiome interactions are poorly understood in cats. Microbial indole catabolites of tryptophan (MICT) are gut bacterial catabolites of tryptophan that are hypothesized to regulate intestinal inflammation and mucosal barrier function. MICTs are decreased in the sera of humans with inflammatory bowel disease and previous studies identified altered tryptophan metabolism in cats with CE. We sought to determine whether MICTs were decreased in cats with CE using archived serum samples from cats with CIE (n = 44) or LGITL (n = 31) and healthy controls (n = 26). Quantitative LC-MS/MS was used to measure serum concentrations of tryptophan, its endogenous catabolites (kynurenine, kynurenate, serotonin) and MICTs (indolepyruvate, indolealdehyde, indoleacrylate, indoleacetamide, indoleacetate, indolelactate, indolepropionate, tryptamine). Serum concentrations of tryptophan, indolepropionate, indoleacrylate, indolealdehyde, indolepyruvate, indolelactate were significantly decreased in the CIE and LGITL groups compared to those in healthy controls. Indolelactate concentrations were significantly lower in cats with LGITL compared to CIE (p = 0.006). Significant correlations were detected among serum MICTs and cobalamin, folate, fPLI, and fTLI. Our findings suggest that MICTs are promising biomarkers to investigate the role of gut bacteria in the pathobiology of chronic enteropathies in cats.

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“…A pathogenic theory that currently prevails in cats is that of a continuum between IBD and LGITL, given the common coexistence of inflammatory and lymphomatous infiltrations, and frequent previous history of IBD in animals with LGITL ( Marsilio et al, 2023 ). Cats with LGITL have been shown to exhibit lower fecal bacterial diversity than healthy cats, and a trend toward lower alpha-diversity than cats with IBD based on 16S rRNA gene sequencing ( Figure 1 ) ( Marsilio et al, 2019 ).…”

Section: Gut Microbiota In Feline Spontaneous Ibd and Lgitlmentioning

confidence: 99%

Gut microbiota in cats with inflammatory bowel disease and low-grade intestinal T-cell lymphoma

Drut,

Mkaouar,

Kriaa

et al. 2024

Front. Microbiol.

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In cats and humans, several physiological and environmental factors have been shown to alter the gut microbiota of healthy individuals. Cats share several diseases with humans such as inflammatory bowel diseases and low-grade intestinal T-cell lymphoma. The physiopathology of these chronic enteropathies is poorly understood but may involve disequilibrium of the gut microbiota composition and disruption of normal microbiome activity profiles. These disorders are increasingly diagnosed in the feline species due to improved medicalization and easier access to endoscopy in veterinary practice. This review addresses the current data on the gut microbiota of cats in health and in chronic enteropathies. Such functional analysis will help the advancement of innovative diagnostic tools and targeted therapeutic strategies.

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ACVIMconsensus statement guidelines on diagnosing and distinguishing low‐grade neoplastic from inflammatory lymphocytic chronic enteropathies in cats

Cited by 18 publications

References 190 publications

Ultrasonography and Sonoelastography Characteristics of Benign vs. Malignant Mesenteric Lymph Nodes in Cats: An Update

Ultrasonography and Sonoelastography Characteristics of Benign vs. Malignant Mesenteric Lymph Nodes in Cats: An Update

Chronic Inflammatory Enteropathy and Low-Grade Intestinal T-Cell Lymphoma Are Associated with Altered Microbial Tryptophan Catabolism in Cats

Gut microbiota in cats with inflammatory bowel disease and low-grade intestinal T-cell lymphoma

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