<scp>AC</scp>,<scp>DC,</scp>and hybrid control strategies for smart microgrid application: A review

Sahoo, Buddhadeva; Routray, Sangram Keshari; Rout, Pravat Kumar

doi:10.1002/2050-7038.12683

Cited by 76 publications

(44 citation statements)

References 177 publications

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“…[21,22] will cause variation in amplitude and frequency of the load voltage when the utility is interrupted, so that immediately detect the islanding operation. Comprehensive 23 analysis of ROCOF fuzzy tune PID/H ∞ , 24,25 power synchronization control, 26 and vector surge relays for distributed generation applications are given with all standards 27‐29 of voltage and frequency are used for grid integration 30,31 of power system island detection. Inverter control based on ROCOV, ROCOF, impedance variations, and some of techniques are used drift/dual frequencies to find islanding of system.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Variable converter Pulse Island test in integrated distributed generation of electrical energy system

Reddy¹

2021

Int Trans Electr Energ Syst

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Summary Many issues are arising during the operation like interruption, disorder, and uncertainty in energy systems. One of the situations is islanding and that is required to protect humans and converter devices, those are working in interconnected electrical energy system environment. Variable converter pulse (VCP) method is proposed to identify the islanding detection (ISD) with rate of change of under/over voltage and rate of change of under/over frequency. Adaptive ISD algorithm is developed for proper tuning of VCP and used to identify ISD events in integrated utility grid. When a network is extended by means of new small‐scale energy systems that is, distributed generation (DG) and operating with main grid network, the possibility of pre‐existence of ISD data is also reconsidered for generating trip signal to isolate DG. In this paper, updating VCP‐based control as function of change in voltage and frequency at point of common coupling (PCC) with island events and non‐island events. Number of pulses and those are variable during island conditions and updated control vector to meet an objective of proposed ISD method. Especially multiple DG connected to PCC is also addressed in proposed method.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Variable converter Pulse Island test in integrated distributed generation of electrical energy system

Reddy¹

2021

Int Trans Electr Energ Syst

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“…Because they use various linguistic variables, FLC techniques are widely accepted as offering better solutions than other soft techniques [20]. In reviewing the related literature such as [21][22][23][24], it can be seen that adaptive FLC is divided into two specific classes, direct and indirect, depending on the system condition and applications. In a direct adaptive FLC, fuzzy systems are used as a controller using IF-THEN fuzzy rules [21,22].…”

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confidence: 99%

“…In a direct adaptive FLC, fuzzy systems are used as a controller using IF-THEN fuzzy rules [21,22]. In an indirect FLC, fuzzy systems are used to describe the system model through the IF-THEN rule [23,24]. However, FLC-based systems reduce performance because of the requirement for an increasing number of fuzzy rules during real-time and multi-input-multi-output systems [22][23][24][25].…”

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confidence: 99%

“…In an indirect FLC, fuzzy systems are used to describe the system model through the IF-THEN rule [23,24]. However, FLC-based systems reduce performance because of the requirement for an increasing number of fuzzy rules during real-time and multi-input-multi-output systems [22][23][24][25]. Moreover, owing to the increasing number of rules, the structure of an FLC becomes more complex in design and provides an additional computational burden on the design model.…”

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confidence: 99%

“…Moreover, owing to the increasing number of rules, the structure of an FLC becomes more complex in design and provides an additional computational burden on the design model. Similarly, the ANN-based control approach is used as an alternative to deal with the uncertainty because of its excellent tracking capability [24][25][26]. In adaptive ANN-based approaches, the direct and indirect classes are used to track the unknown disturbances to save time and reduce the effort of complex system modelling [27].…”

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Advanced Speed‐and‐current control approach for dynamic electric car modelling

Sahoo

Routray

Rout

2021

IET Electrical Systems in Transportation

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Considering environmental conditions and reduced fuel availability, electric cars (ECs) play a vital role in many applications such as consumer cars and short-distance transportation. This paper proposes a detailed dynamic modelling of battery, motor, and inverter developed for the design of an EC. In addition, an improved controller is developed with a different geometrical method using the sensitivity gain of the current sensor and tachometer to assure the optimal performance of the EC. For achieving linear vehicle operation and improved stability, a system transfer function model is designed by considering various uncertainties such as force acting on the car, wheel, road, and wind speed conditions. To offer better regulation and excellent tracking operation of the EC, a combined proportional-integral-derivative controller-based outer-speed and innercurrent control approach is suggested to regulate the nonlinear parameters for different driving profile applications. The proposed designed control approach and system model are tested using two input conditions such as step and driving profile inputs through MATLAB/Simulink software, and performance is analysed through various open-loop and closed-loop test scenarios. | INTRODUCTIONConsidering environmental conditions and greater awareness about energy conservation, researchers have been paying more attention to the design of zero-polluting electric cars (ECs) of late. Recently, improvements in EC/hybrid-EC modelling have attracted greater interest at an augmented pace [1]. Particularly, lesser-weight ECs are becoming popular for many applications such as patrol and short-distance transportation cars. Many EC modelling techniques have been suggested to offer a longer driving range and linear operation [2]. Generally, EC modelling is designed by considering two subsystems, such as electric motors (EMs) for the drive system with a car platform, as shown in Figure 1. The main components of ECs are battery energy storage (BES) devices, central control structures, a tachometer, and a voltage source converter to convert DC-AC power. A single EM is used to drive each wheel [3]. However, with increasing costs and complex modelling, [4] the EC can lose its attraction for real-time applications. To achieve greater simplicity and easier control action, the DC EM is popularly selected for the traction of ECs [5]. In addition, DC motors also supply high starting torque. Therefore, to develop a robust/light, high-efficiency, reduced-cost EC, it is necessary to derive an appropriate mathematical model of ECs and EMs for different driving profile operations.Simple EC design leads to a simple control strategy that decreases the overall cost of the vehicle. However, the development of the simple EC model is difficult because of uncertainty and non-linearity in the environment and wheel and road conditions [6,7]. Mostly, disturbances are categorised into two types: (1) parametric uncertainty and (2) inner/outer disturbances. The first type of disturbance is caused by a lack of appr...

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Recent control techniques and management of AC microgrids: A critical review on issues, strategies, and future trends

Singh¹,

Singh²,

Verma

et al. 2021

Int Trans Electr Energ Syst

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Summary Distributed generation is considered as a key component of the emerging microgrid (MG) concept, enabling the integration of renewable sources in a distributed network. The MG has been accepted globally as a new approach that provides a flexible, reliable, sustainable, and economical solution for green and clean power generation. Microgrid is constituted by distributed energy resources (DERs) and is a combination of parallel connection equipped with suitable control and protection scheme for the operation in both islanded and utility grid‐connected mode. Microgrid structure with various hierarchy control techniques is categorized into three layers such as primary control, secondary control, and tertiary control techniques. A comprehensive literature review of these control techniques in AC microgrid is presented. In addition, the technical challenges of existing MGs affect real‐time applications around the globe. For the development and execution of various MG topologies, suitable power strategies are adopted to integrate distributed generation (IDG), energy storage system (ESS), and consumer loads for an improved energy management system (EMS). This paper presents a state‐of‐the‐art review of recent control techniques of AC microgrids with DERs having various important aspects; hierarchical control techniques, management strategies, technical challenges, and their future trends in the system. Moreover, a comparative performance analysis of our proposed review with existing surveys of AC control techniques with their individual merits and demerits have been presented. Furthermore, this investigation of different power control techniques applied in MG is compared and classified in terms of various important features, highlighting potential advantages, and different applications.

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AC,DC,and hybrid control strategies for smart microgrid application: A review

Cited by 76 publications

References 177 publications

Variable converter Pulse Island test in integrated distributed generation of electrical energy system

Variable converter Pulse Island test in integrated distributed generation of electrical energy system

Advanced Speed‐and‐current control approach for dynamic electric car modelling

Recent control techniques and management of AC microgrids: A critical review on issues, strategies, and future trends

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