4D Aliphatic photopolymer polycarbonates as direct ink writing of biodegradable, conductive graphite‐composite materials

Abstract

Photopolymers are one of the fastest growing 3D printing material classes, despite the lack of diversity in performance or composition. A simple addition of graphite nanopowder is explored for tailoring aliphatic polycarbonate performance and enhancing advanced material properties, targeting the mechanical performance of the norbornene-containing poly(norbornene trimethyl carbonate) using poly(trimethyl propane allyl ether carbonate) for thermoset formation using thiol-ene photochemistry. A 30 wt% graphite-composite photopolymer ink displays shear thinning behavior suitable for pneumatic direct ink write (DIW) printing, along with enhanced elastic modulus (15-542 MPa) and an increase in ultimate strength (2-22 MPa for the composite ink) without significant variation in the glass transition temperature. The composites are further demonstrated as 4D materials including shape memory, conductivity, and recyclability, with this work serving as a guide for designing DIW inks from photopolymer resins.

Bioderived 4D Printable Terpene Photopolymers from Limonene and β-Myrcene

“…This behavior differed from the synthesis of PMyr, which may thermally cross-link at temperatures exceeding 100 °C, again demonstrating the added stability imbibed by copolymerization. Additionally, the resultant copolymers of interest for DLP printing display viscosities below 10 Pa s, indicating that they are suitable for photopolymer resins. ,, The shear stress sweep of the produced photoresin revealed a Newtonian rheological behavior favorable for DLP-type 3D printing, with an average viscosity of less than 1 Pa x s that is in the ideal window for vat photopolymerization (Figure ).…”

“…Additionally, the resultant copolymers of interest for DLP printing display viscosities below 10 Pa s, indicating that they are suitable for photopolymer resins. 5,6,48 The shear stress sweep of the produced photoresin revealed a Newtonian rheological behavior favorable for DLP-type 3D printing, with an average viscosity of less than 1 Pa x s that is in the ideal window for vat photopolymerization (Figure 3). Vat Photopolymerization 3D/4D Printing.…”

Ring-Opening Copolymerization of Four-Dimensional Printable Polyesters Using Supramolecular Thiourea/Organocatalysis

“…Polyesters are an important class of commodity polymer, because of the wide range of achievable physical properties, their reliability for applications such as biomaterials, and ease of synthesis. Many methods exist to produce polyesters, with ring-opening polymerization (ROP) via organobase catalysis representing one of the most important methods, because of the livingness of the synthesis. − Organobases are among the most important catalysts for polyester ROP, as they offer a robust and effective, yet more environmentally friendly, and safer alternative to metal catalyst systems. Dove et al.…”

Analysis of thermal‐active bending and cyclic tensile shape memory mechanism of UHMWPE/CNT composite

“…Numerous researchers have developed many shape memory materials based on macromolecule polymer. [20][21][22][23][24][25][26][27][28] The methods of ameliorating the shape memory performance have been carried out in extensive research, such as cross-linking, [29,30] incorporating inorganic fillers [31,32] or changing deformation conditions. [33] Although polyethylene (PE), one of the generalpurpose plastics, is the most widely used, the research in the field as SMP is still in its infancy.…”

“…Numerous researchers have developed many shape memory materials based on macromolecule polymer. [ 20–28 ] The methods of ameliorating the shape memory performance have been carried out in extensive research, such as cross‐linking, [ 29,30 ] incorporating inorganic fillers [ 31,32 ] or changing deformation conditions. [ 33 ]…”